--- license: other license_name: fair-use-no-warranty license_link: LICENSE task_categories: - object-detection language: - bo tags: - yolo - tibetan - document-layout-analysis - bounding-box - tibla size_categories: - 1K- The page images in this dataset are scans of Tibetan texts from the BDRC digital library and are provided on a FAIR-USE basis for research. No copyright license is granted. By requesting access you acknowledge that you are solely responsible for performing your own copyright / rights analysis before any use, and that the Buddhist Digital Resource Center (BDRC) accepts no liability for any misuse of this material. extra_gated_fields: Full name: text Affiliation: text Intended use: text I have read the copyright notice and will perform my own copyright analysis before use: checkbox I understand BDRC is not liable for any misuse of this material: checkbox --- # TiBLAD — Tibetan Book Layout Analysis Dataset YOLO-format object-detection dataset for **TiBLA (Tibetan Book Layout Analysis)**. It contains bounding-box annotations for four layout classes (header, text-area, footer, footnote) on scanned modern Tibetan book pages, split into training, validation, and test sets. ## Models, code & paper - **Primary model:** [BDRC/TiBLA-RTDETR](https://huggingface.co/BDRC/TiBLA-RTDETR) (RT-DETR-l, AGPL-3.0) - **Permissive alternatives:** [BDRC/TiBLA-PP-DocLayout-L](https://huggingface.co/BDRC/TiBLA-PP-DocLayout-L) (Apache-2.0), [BDRC/TiBLA-RFDETR](https://huggingface.co/BDRC/TiBLA-RFDETR) (Apache-2.0) - **Code:** [github.com/buda-base/tibla](https://github.com/buda-base/tibla) - **Paper:** [buda-base/papers](https://github.com/buda-base/papers) (`papers/2026-tibetan-book-layout`) — *arXiv link forthcoming* ## Overview | Property | Value | | --- | --- | | **Total annotations** | 25460 | | **Total images** | 8325 | | **Number of classes** | 4 | | **Image format** | JPEG (.jpg) | | **Label format** | YOLO (.txt) | | **Splits** | train / val / test | | **Split unit** | series; also volume-clean | | **Unique volumes** | 4,533 | | **Unique series** | 3,807 | | **Archive scans** | 6,832 | | **BDRC archive, PDF-derived (not augmented)** | 296 | | **PDF-extracted, then augmented** | 1,197 (train only) | ## Image Source All images are sourced from the [Buddhist Digital Resource Center (BDRC)](https://bdrc.io) digital library. At a high level there are **two sources**: **archive scans** (~85.6%, including a small set of archive files produced from born-digital PDFs) and **PDF-extracted, then augmented** pages (14.4%, **train only**). In detail they fall into three groups: | Source | Images | Volumes (`i_id`) | Series (`w_id`) | Share | Splits | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **Archive scans** | 6,832 | 4,053 | 3,507 | 82.1% | train 5,317 / val 717 / test 798 | | **BDRC archive, PDF-derived (not augmented)** | 296 | 129 | 105 | 3.6% | train 229 / val 32 / test 35 | | **PDF-extracted, then augmented** | 1,197 | 351 | 223 | 14.4% | train only | | **Total** | 8,325 | 4,533 | 3,807 | 100% | | Volume ids are disjoint across the three groups. Series (`w_id`) can appear in more than one group, so the series column does not sum to the total. - **Archive scans** — page photographs from the BDRC image archive (filename prefixes `b3__`, `b4__`, `v10__`). Their volume ids (`I…`) are **not** on BDRC’s inventory of volumes whose archive images were produced from born-digital PDFs. - **BDRC archive, PDF-derived (not augmented)** — the same archive JPEG pipeline, but the volume (`i_id`) **is** on that PDF-volume inventory (129 volumes, 105 series). These are the original archive files, not geometrically/photometrically augmented copies. - **PDF-extracted, then augmented** — pages rendered from born-digital PDFs in a later annotation batch and then augmented so they resemble camera or scanner captures. These are confined to **training** (filename prefix `b11__`, `__p####` page marker, `__aug` in the stem). Volume ids for the first two groups are read from the BDRC filename (`batch__W…__I…__page` for `b3`/`b4`; page file with a 4-digit page suffix for `v10`) and compared to the `i_num` column of BDRC’s PDF-volume list. Series ids (`w_id`) come from the same filenames, or from the volume→work map when the filename only carries an `i_id` (`v10`). For the PDF-augmented batch, the etext reproduction `IE…` is mapped to the corresponding `W…` series, and the volume is the `I…` token when present, otherwise the etext volume `VE…`. ## Classes | ID | Name | Annotations | % of total | | -- | --- | --- | --- | | 0 | header | 8155 | 32.0% | | 1 | text-area | 10705 | 42.0% | | 2 | footnote | 367 | 1.4% | | 3 | footer | 6233 | 24.5% | Headers and footers occur either as a **top/bottom** running title or page number, or as a **side-margin** box. Side-margin boxes are uncommon (141 of 14388 header/footer boxes) and were stratified across splits. ## Annotation Process Annotations were created on the Ultralytics HUB platform in a two-stage workflow: 1. **Annotation** — annotators drew bounding boxes for each of the four layout classes (header, text-area, footnote, footer) on every page image. 2. **Quality control** — a reviewer inspected every image, verifying label correctness, box tightness, and class assignment. 3. **Automated consistency audit** — a final geometric/logical audit flagged likely mistakes (near-duplicate or conflicting-class boxes, impossible header/footer/footnote orderings, out-of-bounds boxes). ## Split Methodology The train / val / test split is **series-level and leakage-free**: pages are grouped at the **series (`w_id`) level** and every page of a series is assigned together. Because each volume (`i_id`) belongs to one series, the split is also volume-clean. After assignment, no page (or an augmented copy of it), no volume, and no series appears in more than one split. We tried to select a dataset that is as diverse as possible, but it is possible that near-identical layouts appear in different splits. Series were assigned with a greedy residual balancer aimed at ~81% / ~9% / ~10% of images, matching the global mix of the four classes (with extra weight on the rare footnote class) and of side-margin vs top/bottom headers and footers. - **Augmented data** — any series that contains a geometrically/photometrically augmented page is assigned to **train**, so validation and test contain no `__aug` images. They may still include unaugmented BDRC-archive pages from PDF-derived volumes (32 val, 35 test). - Approximate ratio: ~81% train / ~9% val / ~10% test by image count. ## Split Statistics | Split | Images | Volumes | Series | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | train | 6743 | 3917 | 3549 | | val | 749 | 437 | 92 | | test | 833 | 179 | 166 | (train includes 1197 augmented images; val and test include 0 and 0. Of the non-augmented images, 229 / 32 / 35 in train / val / test come from BDRC archive volumes that were produced from PDFs.) ## Annotation Distribution per Split | Class | train | val | test | Total | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | header | 6431 | 848 | 876 | 8155 | | text-area | 8185 | 1096 | 1424 | 10705 | | footnote | 295 | 34 | 38 | 367 | | footer | 4991 | 575 | 667 | 6233 | Header/footer **placement** (box counts): | Placement | train | val | test | Total | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | top | 6420 | 848 | 871 | 8139 | | bottom | 4887 | 563 | 658 | 6108 | | side | 115 | 12 | 14 | 141 | > A single image can contain multiple annotations of the same class, so > annotation counts may exceed image counts. ## Directory Structure ``` TiBLAD/ ├── images/ │ ├── train/ │ ├── val/ │ └── test/ ├── labels/ │ ├── train/ │ ├── val/ │ └── test/ ├── train.txt ├── val.txt ├── test.txt ├── data.yaml └── README.md ``` ## Usage Point your YOLO training config at `data.yaml`: ```bash yolo detect train data=data.yaml ``` The `train.txt`, `val.txt`, and `test.txt` files list relative image paths for each split. ## Label Format Each `.txt` label file uses standard YOLO format — one row per bounding box: ``` ``` All coordinates are normalized to `[0, 1]` relative to image dimensions. ## Copyright & Usage Notice This dataset does **not** come with an open-content license. The page images are scans of Tibetan texts from the BDRC digital library and are distributed on a **fair-use** basis for research and non-commercial layout-analysis work. - **No copyright license is granted** over the underlying page images. - **You are solely responsible** for performing your own copyright / rights analysis for your jurisdiction and intended use **before** using this material. - **BDRC accepts no liability** for any misuse of this material. By accessing the gated dataset you accept these terms. ## Acknowledgements Developed by the [Buddhist Digital Resource Center (BDRC)](https://www.bdrc.io) for the BDRC Etext Corpus project, funded by the Khyentse Foundation. Thanks to the annotators and reviewers from [Dharmaduta](https://dharmaduta.in) who produced and consolidated the layout annotations.