 
 RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
2 February 2001 
 (01-0535) 
Working Party on the Accession of the 
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Original:   English 
 
    
ACCESSION OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA  
 
Initial Offer in Services
 
 
 
 For the purposes of the accession of the Govern ment of the Former Yugoslav Republic of 
Macedonia to the WTO, the Government has presen ted the following offer of initial commitments on 
trade in services, with the request that it be circulated to members of the Working Party. 
 
 
_______________ 
 
 
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
Page 2 THE REPUBLIC OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 
INITIAL OFFER IN SERVICES 
 
Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
All sectors 
Cross Border Supply 
  Limitation on the right to transfer abroad 
by Macedonian nationals foreign currencies, except as provided in the Law on Foreign 
Exchange Operations.   
Consumption Abroad  Limitation on the right to transfer abroad 
by Macedonian nationals foreign currencies, except as provided in the Law on Foreign 
Exchange Operations.  
 The amount of cash that Macedonian natural person is allowed to carry abroad on 
private trips may not exceed the equivalent of 
DEM 5,000.00 per trip.   
Commercial Presence  In order to supply services, foreign 
service provider is requir ed to get registered as 
a sole proprietor, a trade company, or 
establishing a subsidiary. A representative office registered in th e Republic of Macedonia 
cannot conduct business operations.  A trade company that is partially or fully 
owned by a foreign entity may not acquire 
majority participation in another trade 
company.  
Temporary Entry and Stay of Natural 
Persons   A temporary residence clearance is valid 
for up to one year and may be extended for additional year. A temporary residence 
clearance is issued by the Ministry of Internal 
Affairs.   A foreign natural person must submit 
proof justifying the reason for submitting the 
request for a temporary residence, as well as that funds for his/her subsistence have been 
provided.   
 A foreign natural person may be employed if he/she has an approval for 
temporary stay and if he/she obtains an 
approval for employment. issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy.     
Real Estate (3) (4) Unbound, new Law in preparation (3) (4) Unbound, new Law in preparation   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1
 Page 3Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
Subsidies  (1) (2) (3) (4) E ligibility for subsidies reserved
for national services and service suppliers.  
II. COMMITMENTS IN SPECIFIC SECTORS 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES 
A. Professional Services  
(a) Legal services (CPC 861) 
 
 Attorneys services  
 
(1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound, new Law is in preparation 
(4)  Unbound, new Law is in preparation  
 
(1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound, new Law is in preparation 
(4)  Unbound, new Law is in preparation   
 Notary services (1) Unbound  
(2)  None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Accounting and bookkeeping services   
 (CPC 86212, 86213, 86219 and 8622) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound, new Law is in preparation 
(4) Unbound, new Law is in preparation (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound, new Law is in preparation 
(4)  Unbound, new Law is in preparation  
 Auditing services  
 (CPC 86211)          
 (1) Concluding a contract with a domestic 
audit company is required. Foreign 
company must be registered in its own 
country for providing auditing services.   
(2) None 
 
 (3) A foreign auditing company can 
establish only one auditing company in 
the Republic of Macedonia.     
 If the foreign company is not registered 
in its own country for providing auditing 
services, its participation in the total capital of the new established auditing 
company in the Rep ublic of Macedonia 
cannot exceed 25%.   
 Auditing report must be officially 
produced by an auditing company, not by 
an employee or a contracted auditor as a (1) (2) A foreign audit company not registered 
in the Republic of Macedonia, but 
registered to conduct audit in the country 
where its main office is located, may perform audit in the Republic of 
Macedonia only on a contract basis in 
cooperation with a domestic audit company. 
(3) An audit company must employ at least 
two auditors licensed in the Republic of Macedonia.  Ministry of Finance issues 
licenses to foreign auditors after a 
verification procedure.  
 
 
  
 
   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
Page 4 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
natural person.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
(c) Taxation services (CPC 863)  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Architectural services (CPC 8671) 
(e) Engineering services (CPC 8672) 
(f)    Integrated engineering services  (CPC 8673) 
(g) Urban planning and landscape 
architectural serv ices (CPC 8674) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
(i) Veterinary services (CPC 932) 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
B. Computer and Related Services     
(a) Consultancy services related to the 
 installation of computer hardware  
 (CPC 841)   (b) Software  implementation services  
 (CPC 842)          
(c) Data processing services   (CPC 843)          
(d) Data base services (CPC 844)   
(e) Other (CPC 845+849) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3)  Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3)  Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
C. Research and Development Services  
(a) R&D services on  natural sciences 
 (CPC 851)   
(b) R&D services on social  sciences and 
 humanities   (CPC 852)   
(c) Interdisciplinary R&D services 
 (CPC 853)  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None
, except for research in the field of 
historical and cultural identity of Macedonian 
peoples and nationalities who live in the 
Republic of Macedonia, where Macedonian 
nationality is required. 
(4) As indicated in the Horizontal section, except 
for research in the field of historical & 
cultural identity of Macedonian peoples and (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1
 Page 5Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
nationalities who live in the Republic of 
Macedonia where Macedoni an nationality is 
required. 
D. Real Estate Services  
(a) Involving own or leased property 
 (CPC 821) (b) On a fee or contract basis 
 (CPC 822) 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
E. Rental/Leasing Services Without  Operators and With Operators  
(a) Relating to ships  
 (CPC 83103)          
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section.  
(b) Relating to aircraft 
 (CPC 83104)    
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound, new Law is in preparation (4) Unbound, new Law is in preparation (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound, new Law is in preparation (4) Unbound, new Law is in preparation  
(c) Relating to other transport equipment 
 (CPC 83101+ 83102+ 83105)   
  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Relating to other machinery and 
 equipment 
 (CPC 83106-83109)    (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Other. 
 (CPC 832)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
F. Other Business  Services  
(a) Advertising services  
 (CPC 871) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
Page 6 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
Horizontal Section Horizontal Section 
(b) Market research and public opinion 
polling services 
 (CPC 864)    (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Management consulting services  
 (CPC 865) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Services related to management 
consulting; 
 (CPC 866) 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Technical testing and analysis services  
 (CPC 8676) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Bureau for Standardization and 
Metrology require its authorization for specific services. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Services incidental to agriculture, 
hunting and forestry  (CPC 881) 
 
 (i) Agriculture  
 (ii) Hunting  
 
(1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 
(1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 (iii) Forestry 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Activities related to forest economy are 
under exclusive authority of the public company “Makedonski Sumi” 
(Macedonian Forests).     
 The Public Enterprise for Fire Protection 
is the only authorized institution to 
provide fire protec tion (fire fighting) 
services. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
  
 
  
 
   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1
 Page 7Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
(g) Services incidental to fishing  
 (CPC 882)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(h) Services incidental to mining  
 (CPC 883, 5115) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(i) Services incidental to manufacturing 
 (CPC 884, 885, except for 88442) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(j) Services incidental to energy 
distribution  
 (CPC 887)  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Placement and supply services of 
Personnel 
 (CPC 872) 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Investigation and security 
 (CPC 873) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(m) Scientific and technical consulting 
services  
 (CPC 8675)  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(n) Maintenance and repair of equipment 
(not including maritime vessels, 
aircraft or other transport equipment)  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
Page 8 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 (CPC 633, 8861-8866) 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
(o) Building-cleaning services 
 (CPC 874)           (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(p) Photographic services 
 (CPC 875)          
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(q) Packaging services 
 (CPC 876) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(r) Printing, publishing  
 (CPC 88442) 
 (1) Written contract with a domestic legal 
entity is required. 
(2) None (3) Written contract with a domestic legal 
entity is required. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(s) Convention services  
 (CPC 87909*) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
A. Postal Services  
 (CPC 7511)  (1) Universal postal se rvices are provided 
exclusively by the public enterprise Macedonian Post Office. 
(2) None 
(3) Universal postal se rvices are provided 
exclusively by the public enterprise 
Macedonian Post Office. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the (1) None 
  
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the  
                                                           
* Indicates that the service specified is a component of a more aggregated CPC item sp ecified elsewhere in this classification l ist.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1
 Page 9Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
Horizontal Section Horizontal Section 
B Courier Services   
 (CPC 7512) 
  (1) Unbound, new Law in preparation 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound, new Law in preparation (4) Unbound, new Law in preparation (1) Unbound, new Law in preparation 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound, new Law in preparation (4) Unbound, new Law in preparation  
C. Telecommunication Services:  
 
(a) Voice telephone services  
 (CPC 7521) 
 
  
 
  
 
  -  Mobile telecommunications  
 
(1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2005. 
(2) None (3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
December 31, 2005. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
(1) None 
 
 
(2) None (3) None 
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Packet-switched data transmission 
services 
 (CPC 7523**) 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Circuit-switched data transmission 
services 
 (CPC 7523**) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
                                                           
** Indicates that the service specified constitutes only  a part of the total range of activities covered by the CPC concordance (e.g. voice mail is only a component of CPC 
item 7523)  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
Page 10 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(d) Telex services  
 (CPC 7523**) (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
December 31, 2005. 
(2) None 
(3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 31 December  2005. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
 (2) None 
(3) None 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Telegraph services (CPC 7522) (1 ) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2005. 
(2) None (3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2005. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
 
(2) None (3) None 
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Facsimile services 
 (CPC 7521**+7529**) (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Private leased circuit services: 
 (CPC 7522**, 7523**) (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December 2005. 
(2) None (3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December 2005. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
 
(2) None (3) None 
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(h) Electronic mail  
 (CPC 7523**)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(i) Voice mail  
 (CPC 7523**) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(j) On-line information and data base 
retrieval  
 (CPC 7523**) 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Electronic data interchange (EDI)  
 (CPC 7523**) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Enhanced/value-added facsimile 
services, incl. store and forward, store 
and retrieve  
 (CPC 7523**) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(m) Code and protocol conversion 
 (CPC n.a.) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(n) On-line information and/or data 
processing (incl. transaction processing)  
 (CPC 843**) 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
Page 12 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES 
A. General construction 
 work for buildings.  (CPC 512)   
B. General construction  work for civil 
 engineering.  (CPC 513)   
 
  (1) Unbound
* 
(2) None (3) A concession for construction may be 
given to a company or other legal entity 
that is registered to perform that activity or to a company which provides a 
contract for a business cooperation with 
a company registered for performance of construction works.   
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
 
  
 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
C. Installation and assembly work 
 (CPC 514+516)  
D. Building completion and finishing work. 
 (CPC 517)  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
For export-import activity:  (3) Must register to provide services in the 
Republic of Macedonia.   
A. Commission Agents’ Services   
 (CPC 621) B. Wholesale Trade
 
 (CPC 622)  
C. Retailing Services   
 (CPC 631, 632, 6111, 6113, 6121) 
D. Franchising   
 (CPC 8929) (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
5. EDUCATION SERVICES 
A. Primary Education  Services   
 (CPC 921) (1) Primary education can be provided only 
in schools established by the 
Government of the Republic of 
Macedonia.   
(2) None 
(3) Primary schools can only be established 
by the Government of the Republic of Macedonia.   (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
                                                           
* Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(4) Nationality requirement for employment. 
B. Secondary Education Services    
 (CPC 922) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
C. Higher Education Services   
 (CPC 923) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Adult Education  
 (CPC 924)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
A. Sewage Services   
 (CPC 9401) 
B. Refuse Disposal  Services  
 (CPC 9402) 
C. Sanitation and Similar Services   
 (CPC 9403) (1) Unbound* 
(2) None 
(3) (4) Supply of the services is  regulated by 
municipal councils. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
All sectors:  Insurance companies and banks canno t provide both insurance and banking services. 
A. All Insurance and Insurance Related 
Services  
 (CPC 8121, 8129, 81299* and 8140) 
 (1) Insurance and insurance-related services 
may be provided only by insurance joint-stock companies registered in the 
Republic of Macedonia. 
(2) Only insurance provided by local 
insurance joint-stock companies is valid 
in the Republic of Macedonia. 
(3) Formation of an insurance joint-stock 
company in the Rep ublic of Macedonia 
is required. 
 A foreign or domestic legal entity or 
natural person, other than a foreign  
insurance company, may not hold more than 25% of stocks management rights in (1) None 
  
 
(2) None 
 
 (3) When a foreign legal entity or natural 
person establishes an insurance company 
in the Republic of Macedonia, it has to submit a  program for the development 
of insurance. 
    
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
Page 14 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
an insurance company.  A foreign 
insurance company may hold 65%, of 
such stocks or, with the prior approval of the Minister of Fina nce, 80%. The total 
foreign participation in an insurance 
company in the Rep ublic of Macedonia 
may amount to 65%, or with the prior 
approval by the Minister of Finance, 
80%. 
 Approval of the Minister of Finance is 
required for the establishment of any insurance company.   The approval is 
based on the economic and competitive 
state of the market. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
(c) Reinsurance and retrocession  (CPC 81299*) 
 (2) Reinsurance must be first offered to 
reinsurance companies registered 
domestically. Risks may be reinsured 
abroad if: (i) domestically registered 
reinsurance companies do not accept reinsurance; or (ii) the conditions for 
reinsurance abroad are more favorable, 
and domestically registered reinsurance companies do not offer the conditions 
available abroad.    
B. Banking and Other Financial Services  
 (excluding insurance) (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2)  None 
(3) Only a domestic legal entity may provide 
banking services. The authorization by 
the National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia is required for establishment 
of banks and saving houses.  
 Banks are to be established as joint-stock 
companies. An individual stockholder 
may not hold more than one third of the 
stocks with management rights. Based on the determination of the National Bank 
of the Republic of Macedonia, when a 
bank establishes a bank, its share in the (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None.  For Saving Houses only:  foreign 
legal and natural persons are not allowed 
to establish Saving Houses. 
 
 
  
 
  
 
   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1
 Page 15Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
capital may be unlimited. The above 
requirement is in force until 
1 January 2003. 
 Brokerage houses, closed investment 
funds, fund management companies and 
the Central Depository of Securities are to be established as joint-stock 
companies after obtaining an approval of 
the Commission on Securities. 
 Brokerage houses can be established by 
at least two domestic or foreign legal entities or natural persons. 
 Founders of the Central Depository of 
Securities can be brokerage houses, banks, insurance companies and fund 
management companies. 
 Exchange offices may be established by 
domestic legal entities or natural persons 
upon approval by the Governor of the 
National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
(a) Acceptance of deposits and other 
repayable funds from the public  
 (CPC 81115-81119) 
  (i)  Wholesale deposit  services  
  (CPC 81115)  
  (ii) Other bank deposit services 
  (CPC 81116)  
 
 
 (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) May be provided by banks only. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 (iii)  Non-central bank  currency 
issue services  
  (CPC 81117) (1) Only the National Bank of the Republic 
of Macedonia is authorized to provide this type of service. 
(2) None 
(3) Only the National Bank of the Republic 
of Macedonia is authorized to provide 
this type of service. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the (1) None 
  
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
Page 16 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
Horizontal Section Horizontal Section 
 (iv) Other deposit services  
  (CPC 81119)  
  limited to saving houses (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3)  Saving houses are authorized to provide 
deposit services for natural persons only. 
Foreign legal and natural persons are not 
allowed to establish Saving Houses.  Saving houses need to be registered as 
joint-stock companies or limited liability 
companies. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Lending of all types, incl., inter alia , 
consumer credit, mortgage credit, factoring and financing of commercial 
transaction  
 (CPC 8113) (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None (3) For banks
: None 
(4) For saving houses : Granting credits to 
legal entities exceed ing 150% of the 
guaranteed capital of the saving houses 
must be provided only through a bank.   
 For other legal entities :  They can grant 
loans to other legal entities only. 
 Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Financial leasing  
 (CPC 8112) 
 (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) All payment and money transmission 
services  
 (CPC 81339**)  (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) May be provided by banks only.   (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Guarantees and commitments  
 (CPC 81199**) 
 (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(f) Trading for own account or for account 
of customers, whether on an exchange, 
in an over-the-counter market or otherwise, the following:    
 - money market instruments 
(cheques, bills, certificate of  
deposits, etc.)  
  (CPC 81339**) 
 (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) This type of services may be provided by 
banks and trade companies only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 - foreign exchange  
  (CPC 81333) 
 (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) This type of services may be provided by 
banks and exchange offices only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 - derivative products incl., but not 
limited to, futures and options 
(CPC 81339**) 
 (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 - exchange rate and interest rate 
instruments, incl. products such as swaps, forward rate agreements, 
etc.  
  (CPC 81339**) (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 - transferable securities  
  (CPC 81321*) 
 
 (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound at presen t. Brokerage houses 
and banks will be permitted to offer these types of services from 1 January 2003. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 - other negotiable instruments and 
financial assets, incl. bullion  
  (CPC 81339**) 
 (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None  
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(g) Participation in issues of all kinds of 
securities, incl. under-writing and 
placement as agent (whether publicly or privately) and provision of service 
related to such issues  
 (CPC 8132) (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) This type of services may be provided by 
banks and trade companies only.     
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(h) Money broking  
 (CPC 81339**) 
 (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(i) Asset management, such as cash or 
portfolio management, all forms of 
collective investment management, pension fund management, custodial 
depositary and trust services 
(CPC 8119**, 81323*) (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 - For custodial depository 
 (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None (3) Only banks may provide this type of 
services.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(j) Settlement and clearing services for 
financial assets, incl. securities, 
derivative products, and other negotiable instruments  
 (1) This type of services may be provided by 
Central Depository of Securities only.   
(2) None (3) This type of services may be provided by 
Central Depository of Securities only.   
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Advisory and other  auxiliary financial 
services, incl. credit  reference and 
analysis,  investment and  portfolio research and advice, advice on 
acquisitions and on corporate 
restructuring and strategy 
 (CPC 8131+8133) (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) Only trade companies, banks, saving 
houses and brokerage houses may 
provide these types of services. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1
 Page 19Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
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(l) Provision and transfer of financial 
information, and financial data 
processing and related software  by providers of other financial services  
 (CPC 8131) (1) Commercial establishment is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
8. HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES  (other than those listed under IA (h-j.) 
C. Social Services  
 (CPC 933) 
 (1) Unbound* 
(2) None 
(3) A social care centre or a public 
educational institution for children and young people who have educational, 
social and behavioural problems may 
only be established by governmental institutions. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES 
A. Hotels and Restaurants  (incl. catering)  
 (CPC 641-643) 
B. Travel Agencies and Tour Operators ' 
Services   
 (CPC 7471) 
 (1) Unbound* 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  For foreign natural persons a written 
contract with a domestic legal entity is 
required. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
C. Tourist Guides  Services    
 (CPC 7472)  (1) Unbound* 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section. (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES (Other than audiovisual services) 
B. News agency services.  
 (CPC 962) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Sporting and other recreational 
services.  
 (CPC 964) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
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11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
A. Maritime Transport Services  
 (a) Passenger  transportation Freight 
transportation; 
(c) Rental of vessels with  crew (d) Maintenance and repair  of vessels 
(e) Pushing and towing  services 
(f) Supporting services for  maritime 
transport. 
 (CPC 7211-7214, 8868**, 745**)  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
B. Internal Waterways Transport:  
 (a) Passenger  transportation Freight 
transportation 
(c) Rental of vessels with  crew (d) Maintenance and repair  of vessels 
(e) Pushing and towing  services 
(f) Supporting services for  internal 
waterway  transport. 
 (CPC 7221-7224,  8868**, 745**)  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
C. Air Transport Services   
 (d) Maintenance and repair  of aircraft 
 (CPC 8868**) 
  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Supporting services for air transport. 
 (CPC 746)  (1) The Public Enterprise for Airport 
Services “Makedonija”  is the only authorized body to provide this type of 
services. 
(2) None (3) The Public Enterprise for Airport 
Services “Makedonija”  is the only 
authorized body to provide this type of services. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
  
 
(2) None (3) None 
 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1
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 Computer Reservation System (CRS) 
services 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Space Transport.  
 (CPC 733)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
E. Rail Transport Services   
 
(a) Passenger  transportation Freight 
transportation 
(c) Pushing and towing  services 
(d) Maintenance and repair  of rail transport 
 equipment (e) Supporting services for  rail transport 
services. 
 (CPC 7111-7113, 8868**, 743)  
 
(1)  The only service provider in this area is 
the Public Enterprise Macedonian Railways. 
(2) None 
(3) The only service provider in this area is 
the Public Enterprise Macedonian 
Railways. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
(1) None 
  
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
F. Road Transport  Services   
 
(a) Passenger  transportation Freight 
transportation 
(c) Rental of commercial  vehicles with 
operator 
(d) Maintenance and repair  of road 
transport  equipment 
(e) Supporting services for road transport 
services. 
 (CPC 7121-7124, 6112, 8867, 744)  
 
(1) None (2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
(1) None (2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
G. Pipeline Transport   
 (a) Transportation of fuels 
(b) Transportation of other goods. 
 (CPC 7131, 7139)   
(1) None (2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) None (2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
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H. Services Auxiliary to all Modes of Transport   
Air Transport   
 (a)  Cargo-handling  services   
 (CPC 741)          
(b) Storage and warehouse services    (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services 
 (CPC 748)   
 (1)(3) (4) At the airport, the Public Enterprise 
for Airport Services “Makedonija” is the 
only authorized body for providing cargo-handling serv ices, including 
acceptance of goods, safety control, 
transport of goods to and from the aircraft, loading and unloading of 
aircrafts, storing, informing on 
acceptance of goods and delivering goods to the recipient upon customs 
inspection. 
(2) None  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
Road Transport  
 
(a) Cargo-handling services   
 (CPC 741)          (b)  Storage and warehouse services   
 (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services  (CPC 748)  
 
(1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
(1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
Rail Transport Services  
 
(a)  Cargo-handling services    (CPC 741)          
(b)  Storage and warehouse services  
  (CPC 742) (c) Freight transport agency services 
 (CPC 748) 
 (1)  The only service provider in this area is 
the Public Enterprise Macedonian 
Railways. 
(2) None 
(3) The only service provider in this area is 
the Public Enterprise Macedonian Railways. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
Pipeline Transport  
 
(a)  Cargo-handling  services   
 (CPC 741)          (b) Storage and warehouse services   
 (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services  (CPC 748)  
 
(1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
(1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1
 Page 23 
LIST OF ARTICLE  II (MFN) EXEMPT IONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 
 
Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating 
its inconsistency with Article II Countries to which  
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
Real Estate 
All Sectors (3) A foreign legal entity and 
natural person doing business in 
the Republic of Macedonia may, under conditions of reciprocity, 
own business buildings, business 
premises, apartments and apartment buildings, as well as 
construction land.  A foreign 
natural person permanently resident in the Republic of 
Macedonia may, under conditions 
of reciprocity, own an apartment or an apartment building. All countries Indefinite Requirements of bilateral and 
regional commitments. 
Legal Services  Attorneys of other countries may 
provide legal assistance and 
practice law on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia on the 
basis of reciprocity determined by 
the Macedonian Bar Association. All countries Indefinite Reciprocal coordination of the 
legal profession within the overall 
regional development of judicial and administrative institutions. 
Audiovisual Services -Production and 
distribution of 
cinematographic works and television 
programmes Measures based upon 
government-to-government 
framework agreements on co-
production of audiovisual works, which confer national treatment to 
audiovisual works covered by 
these agreements, in particular in relation to distribution and access 
to funding. All countries with whom cultural 
co-operation may be desirable. Indefinite The aim of these agreements is to 
promote cultural links between 
the countries concerned. 
Audiovisual services  
- Production and distribution of 
audiovisual 
works through broadcasting or other 
forms of transmission 
to the public Measures which define works of 
European origin in such a way as to extend national treatment to 
audiovisual works which meet 
certain linguistic and origin criteria regarding access to 
broadcasting or similar forms of 
transmission. European countries Indefinite The measures aim, within the 
sector, to promote cultural values both within EC Member States, 
and with other countries in 
Europe, as well as achieving linguistic policy objectives.  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1 
Page 24 Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating 
its inconsistency with Article II Countries to which  
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
Audiovisual Services - Production and 
distribution of television 
programmes and 
cinematographic works Measures granting the benefit of 
any support programmes (such as 
Action Plan for Advanced Television Services, MEDIA or 
EURIMAGES) to audiovisual 
works, and suppliers of such works, meeting certain European 
origin criteria. European countries Indefinite. Exemption needed, for 
certain countries, only until an 
economic integratio n agreement is 
concluded or completed. These programmes aim at 
preserving and promoting the 
regional identity of countries within Europe which have long 
standing cultural links. 
Educational Services Preferences may be extended in 
implementation of student exchange programs, for visits by 
educators, and for educational 
institutions in order to promote cooperation in cultural exchange.  All countries Indefinite The requirement for particular 
international participation in the development of general and 
specialized educational programs, 
including special regional or international programs. 
Road Transport 
Services  Bilateral agreements with the 
governments of other countries 
offer favourable treatment for transportation and transit 
activities. All countries with which the 
Republic of Macedonia has 
agreements on road transport.  Indefinite The need for exemption is linked 
to the region characteristics of the 
road transport services and to the necessity to regulate traffic rights 
in and across the territory of the 
Republic of Macedonia and between Macedonia and the 
countries concerned. 
 
 
__________ 
 
 