GENERAL AGREEMENT GATS/SC/90
15April 1994
ONTRADE INSERVICES (94-1088)
THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA
Schedule ofSpecific Commitments
(This isauthentic inEnglish only)
____________________THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA -SCHEDULE OFSPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ALL SECTORS COVERED BYTHIS SCHEDULE: Forthepurpose ofthisschedule the"United States" isdefined asencompassing the50states oftheUnited
States, plustheDistrict ofColumbia.
AllSectors: Temporary Entry
AndStayofNatural Persons14) Unbound, except formeasures concerning
temporary entry andstayofnationals of
another member whofallintothe
categories listed below:4) Unbound
Services Salespersons -persons notbased inthe
territory oftheUnited States andreceiving no
remuneration from asource located within the
United States, whoareengaged inactivities
related torepresenting aservices supplier forthe
purpose ofnegotiating forthesaleofthe
services ofthatsupplier where: a)such sales
arenotdirectly made tothegeneral public and
b)thesalesperson isnotengaged insupplying
theservice. Entry forpersons named inthis
section islimited toaninety-day period.
1 "Temporary entry" means entry without intent toestablish permanent residence under immigration lawsoftheUSandconfers norights withrespect tocitizenship.
UScommitments regarding entry andtemporary stayintheUSdonotapply incases oflabour/management disputes.
GATS/SC/90
Page1THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page2
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Intra-corporate Transferees -managers,
executives andspecialists, asdefined below,
whoareemployees offirms thatprovide
services within theUnited States through a
branch, subsidiary, oraffiliate established inthe
United States andwhohave been intheprior
employ oftheir firmoutside theUnited States
foraperiod ofnotlessthanoneyear
immediately preceding thedateoftheir
application foradmission andwhoareoneofthe
following:
a) Managers -persons within anorganization
whoprimarily direct theorganization, ora
department orsub-division ofthe
organization, supervise andcontrol the
work ofother supervisory, professional or
managerial employees, have theauthority
tohireandfireorrecommend hiring,
firing, orother personnel actions (such as
promotion orleave authorization), and
exercise discretionary authority over
day-to-day operations. Does notinclude
first-line supervisors, unless theemployees
supervised areprofessionals, nordoes it
include employees whoprimarily perform
tasks necessary fortheprovision ofthe
service.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
b) Executives -persons within the
organization whoprimarily direct the
management oftheorganization, establish
thegoals andpolicies oftheorganization,
exercise wide latitude indecision-making,
andreceive onlygeneral supervision or
direction from higher-level executives, the
board ofdirectors, orstockholders ofthe
business. Executives would notdirectly
perform tasks related totheactual
provision ofaservice orservices ofthe
organization.
c) Specialists -persons within anorganization
whopossess knowledge atanadvanced
level ofcontinued expertise andwho
possess proprietary knowledge ofthe
organization 'sservices, research
equipment, techniques, ormanagement.
(Specialists mayinclude, butarenot
limited to,members oflicenced
professions.)
Entry forpersons named inthissection is
limited toathree-year period thatmaybe
extended foruptotwoadditional years fora
totalterm nottoexceed fiveyears.
GATS/SC/90
Page3THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page4
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Personnel Engaged inEstablishment -Aperson
whohasbeen employed intheimmediately
preceding yearbyanentity described in
Section II,receiving remuneration from that
source, whooccupies amanagerial orexecutive
position withthatentity andisentering the
territory oftheUnited States forthepurpose of
establishing anentity described inSection IIthat
willsupport employment ofpersons named in
paragraphs a),b),andc)therein. Thesubject
persons shall present proof ofacquisition of
physical premises fortheentity thatshall
commence itsbusiness operations within one
yearofthedateofentry ofthatperson.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Fashion Models andSpecialty Occupations -Up
to65,000 persons annually onaworldwide basis
inoccupations assetoutin8USC. §1101 (a)
(15)(H)(i)(b),consisting of(i)fashion models
whoareofdistinguished merit andability; and
(ii)persons engaged inaspecialty occupation,
requiring (a)theoretical andpractical application
ofabody ofhighly specialized knowledge; and
(b)attainment ofabachelor 'sorhigher degree
inthespecialty (oritsequivalent) asaminimum
forentry intotheoccupation intheUnited
States. Persons seeking admission under (ii)
above shall possess thefollowing qualifications:
(a)fulllicensure inaUSstate topractice inthe
occupation, ifsuch licensure isrequired to
practice intheoccupation inthatstate; and(b)
completion oftherequired degree, orexperience
inthespecialty equivalent tothecompletion of
therequired degree andrecognition ofexpertise
inthespecialty through progressively responsible
positions relating tothespecialty. Entry for
persons named inthissection islimited tothree
years.
GATS/SC/90
Page5THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page6
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Specialty occupation aliens andtheir employers
must beincompliance withalllabour condition
application requirements thatareattested toby
theestablished employer. These requirements
are:a)wages paidtotheperson arethegreater
of:1)theactual wage paidbytheemployer to
individuals inthatplace ofemployment with
similar qualifications andexperience, or2)the
prevailing wage forthatoccupational
classification intheareaofemployment;
b)conditions ofwork aresuch thattheywillnot
adversely affect working conditions forthose
similarly employed; c)there isnostrike or
lockout inthecourse ofalabour/management
dispute inprogress attheplace ofemployment
affecting thesubject occupation;
labour/management dispute inprogress atthe
place ofemployment;THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
d) theemployer hasnotlaidofforotherwise
displaced workers inthesubject occupation
intheprevious sixmonths andwillnotlay
offordisplace anyUSworker during the
90-day period following thefiling ofan
application orthe90-day periods preceding
andfollowing thefiling ofanyvisapetition
supported bytheapplication; e)the
employer hastaken andistaking timely
andsignificant steps torecruit andretain
sufficient USworkers inthespecialty
occupation; andf)notice isgiven atthe
time ofapplication bytheemployer to
employees ortheir representatives atthe
place ofemployment.
AllSectors: Acquisition of
Land3) None 3) Thefederal government restricts initial sale
offederally-owned lands toUScitizens.
(Preceding restriction does notapply to
foreign-owned companies formed under the
laws ofanystate oftheUnited States.)
Acquisition oflandreclaimed withfederal
funds andreclamation ofdesert landis
restricted toindividual UScitizens
GATS/SC/90
Page7THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page8
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Ownership oflandbynon-US citizens is
limited in:Kentucky (restrictions apply
onlytoindividuals, nottoforeign-owned
companies incorporated within theUnited
States) andSouth Carolina (applies to
individuals andforeign-owned
corporations).
Purchase oflandbynon-US citizens not
resident within thestate isrestricted in:
Oklahoma, Florida, andWyoming. In
Mississippi, non-US citizens maynot
purchase more than5acres forresidential
property, ormore than320acres for
industrial development.
Non-US citizens maynotpurchase orbid
onsales ofpublic lands in:Hawaii, Idaho,
Mississippi, Montana, andOregonTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
AllSectors: Taxation
Measures1) None
2) None
3) None1),2),3)Atthefederal level, withrespect to
direct taxes:
Differential taxtreatment maybeprovided
between trusts created ororganized inthe
United States toprovide employee benefits
andtrusts notcreated ororganized inthe
United States andtheir respective
beneficiaries. Such provisions affect the
taxation oftheincome ofthetrust orthe
beneficiary, theavailability ofdeductions
totaxpayers forcontributions tothetrust,
andtaxadministration requirements; these
provisions include different rules for
allowing deductions to,anddetermining the
earnings of,foreign employee benefit
plans.
Anincrease intherateorawidening of
thebaseofafederal income taxmaybe
imposed onanational, resident or
corporation ofaforeign country where a
national, resident orcorporation ofthe
United States isbeing subjected to
discriminatory orextraterritorial taxes (as
described insection 891orsection 896of
theInternal Revenue Code).
Atthefederal level, withrespect totaxes other
thandirect taxes:
GATS/SC/90
Page9THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page10
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Anexcise taxmaybeimposed in
connection withtransfers ofanyproperty
byacitizen orresident oftheUnited
States, orbyadomestic entity
(corporations, partnership, estate ortrust)
toaforeign entity (corporation partnership,
estate ortrust).
Anexcise taxmaybeimposed onUS
source gross investment income offoreign
organizations thatareprivate foundations.
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal section4) None
AllSectors: Subsidies 1) Unbound
2) Unbound1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) None 3) TheFederal Overseas Private Investment
Corporation (OPIC) insurance andloan
guarantees arenotavailable tocertain
aliens, foreign enterprises, and
foreign-controlled enterprises established in
theUnited States
Trade andDevelopment Agency financing
islimited to:THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
I.individuals 1)whoareeither US
citizens ornon-US citizens lawfully
admitted forpermanent residence in
theUnited States and2)whose
principal places ofbusiness areinthe
United States, or
II.privately-owned commercial
corporations orpartnerships thatare
incorporated orlegally organized
under thelaws oftheUnited States
andwhose principal places ofbusiness
areintheUnited States and(1)that
aremore than50percentbeneficially
owned byindividuals whoareUS
citizens or(2)thathave been
incorporated orlegally organized in
theUnited States formore than
3years, have performed similar
services ineach oftheprior 3years,
andemploy UScitizens inmore than
halfoftheir permanent full-time
positions intheUnited States andhave
theexisting capability intheUnited
States toperform thecontract
Unbound formeasures atthefederal, state
orlocal levels thataccord rights or
preferences tomembers ofsocially or
economically disadvantaged groups inthe
United States, including:
GATS/SC/90
Page11THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page12
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Federal Small Business Administration -
loans arerestricted toUScitizens or
companies thatare100percentowned by
UScitizens andwhose directors areallUS
citizens
Maine -TheMaine Veterans Small
Business Loan Guarantee Program provides
guarantees toeligible resident veterans for
business loans from local lending
institutions. Aqualifying business isone
thatisindependently owned andoperated
inMaine, andtheapplicant must beawar
veteran. TheSmall Business Loan
Guarantee Program inMaine provides
guarantees ofloans made byprivate
lenders toeligible residents ofMaine for
business purposes.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Maryland -TheMaryland Small Business
Development Financing Authority makes
direct loans tosocially oreconomically
disadvantaged business persons.
Applicants must beUScitizens andhave a
business thatis70percentowned by
socially oreconomically disadvantaged
persons. Applicants fortheMaryland
Small Business Surety Bond Guarantee
Program must beUScitizens and,if
entities, must have their principal places of
business inMaryland.
Minnesota -Community Development
Corporations areonlyeligible toreceive
grants if60percentoftheir directors are
residents ofthespecific geographic
community inMinnesota within which they
willoperate.
Oregon -Oregon lawrequires thatthe
Economic Development Corporation (EDC)
givepreference inOBDF loans to
businesses owned inwhole orinpartby
dislocated timber workers.
Pennsylvania -Minority Business
Development Authority provides long-term
lowinterest loans tominority-owned
businesses. Applicants must beBlacks,
Aleuts, Eskimos, Hispanics orAmerican
Indians whoareresidents ofPennsylvania.
GATS/SC/90
Page13THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page14
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Unbound forresearch anddevelopment
subsidies
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal section4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
II. SECTOR-SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
a)1)Legal Services: practice
asorthrough aqualified US
lawyerForthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: in(allstates)
1) Services must besupplied byanatural person
Anin-state office must bemaintained for
licensure in:District ofColumbia, Indiana (or
anaffiliate withanoffice andwithother
attorneys inthestate), Michigan, Minnesota (or
maintain individual residency inMinnesota),
Mississippi, New Jersey, Ohio, South Dakota
andTennessee.1) In-state orUSresidency isrequired for
licensure in:Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota (or
maintain anoffice inMinnesota),
Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey, New
Hampshire, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South
Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, Wyoming.
2) Services must besupplied byanatural person
Anin-state office must bemaintained for
licensure in:District ofColumbia, Indiana (or
anaffiliate withanoffice andwithother
attorneys inthestate), Michigan, Minnesota (or
maintain individual residency inMinnesota),
Mississippi, New Jersey, Ohio, South Dakota
andTennessee.2) In-state orUSresidency isrequired for
licensure in:Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota (or
maintain anoffice inMinnesota),
Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey, New
Hampshire, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South
Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, Wyoming.
GATS/SC/90
Page 15THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 16
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
3) Services must besupplied byanatural person
Partnership inlawfirms islimited topersons
licenced aslawyers
UScitizenship isrequired topractice before the
USPatent andTrademark Office3) None
4) Services must besupplied byanatural person
Anin-state office must bemaintained for
licensure in:District ofColumbia, Indiana (or
anaffiliate withanoffice andwithother
attorneys inthestate), Michigan, Minnesota (or
maintain individual residency inMinnesota),
Mississippi, New Jersey, Ohio, South Dakota
andTennessee.
USCitizenship isrequired topractice before the
USPatent andTrademark Office4) In-state orUSresidency isrequired for
licensure in:Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota (or
maintain anoffice inMinnesota),
Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey, New
Hampshire, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South
Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, Wyoming.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
a)2)Legal Services:
consultancy onlawof
jurisdiction where service
supplier isqualified asa
lawyer (such consultancy
excludes thefollowing:
i)appearing foraperson
other thanhimself orherself
asattorney inanycourt, or
before anymagistrate or
other judicial officer, inthis
state (other thanupon
admission prohaec vice);
ii)preparing anyinstrument
effecting thetransfer or
registration oftitletoreal
estate located intheUnited
States ofAmerica;
iii)preparing anywillortrust
instrument effecting the
disposition ondeath ofany
property located intheUnited
States ofAmerica andowned
byaresident thereof, orany
instrument relating tothe
administration ofadecedent 'sForthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Alaska2
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted, provided foreign
legal consultant (FLC) is
competent.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
permitted provided thatFLC
obtains written legal advice
from anattorney licenced in
thatjurisdiction.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
permitted provided thatFLC
obtains written legal advice
from anattorney licenced to
practice inthatjurisdiction.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnerships with
local lawyers permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
2 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant (FLC) inAlaska. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, anexperience requirement (5ofthe7years preceding registration must
have been spent practising law), certification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar,meeting theprofessional liability insurance requirement, and
agreement tobebound bytheRules ofDisciplinary Enforcement, Ethics Opinions adopted bytheBoard ofGovernors oftheAlaska BarAssociation, andtheCode
ofProfessional Responsibility. Professional privileges apply toallforeign lawyers.
GATS/SC/90
Page 17THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 18
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
estate intheUnited States of
America; andiv)preparing
anyinstrument inrespect of
themarital orparental
relations, rights orduties ofa
resident oftheUnited States
ofAmerica, orthecustody or
careofthechildren ofsuch a
resident.)
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: California3
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted totheextent
incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
notpermitted.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
notpermitted.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyers permitted.
3 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign legal consultant
inCalifornia. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, anexperience requirement (4ofthe6years preceding registration must have been spent
practising law), certification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar,meeting theprofessional liability insurance requirement, andagreement tobe
bound bytherequirements oftheState BarofCalifornia. Professional privileges apply toallforeign lawyers.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Connecticut4
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted totheextent
incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
permitted provided FLC first
obtains advice from an
attorney licenced inthat
jurisdiction.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
notpermitted.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local attorneys permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
4 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign legal consultant
inConnecticut.Licensureissubjecttomeetingrequirementsofregistration,aminimumageof26years,anexperiencerequirement(5ofthe7yearsprecedingregistration
must have been spent practising law), certification ofregistration, meeting theprofessional liability insurance requirement, anoverdraft notification, good standing
withhome-country bar,andawritten commitment toobserve theConnecticut Rules ofProfessional Conduct. Professional privileges apply toallforeign lawyers.
GATS/SC/90
Page 19THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 20
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: District ofColumbia5
1) None
2) None
3) In-state office required
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Additionally, anin-state office is
required.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted, provided FLC is
competent.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
permitted, provided FLC is
competent.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
permitted provided FLC first
obtains advice from an
attorney licenced inthat
jurisdiction andidentifies the
person totheclient.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyers permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
5 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant intheDistrict ofColumbia. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, aminimum ageof26years, anexperience requirement (5of
the8years preceding registration must havebeenspent practising law), certification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar,meeting theprofessional
liabilityinsurancerequirement,andawrittencommitmenttobeboundbytheCodeofProfessionalResponsibilityoftheAmericanBarAssociation.Professionalprivileges
apply toallforeign lawyers.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Florida6
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted totheextent
incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
notpermitted.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
notpermitted.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnerships with
local lawyers permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
6 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant inFlorida. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, aminimum ageof26years, anexperience requirement (5ofthe7years preceding
registration must have been spent practising law), certification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar,andasworn statement toabide bytheRules
ofProfessional Conduct. Professional privileges apply toallforeign lawyers.
GATS/SC/90
Page 21THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 22
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Georgia7
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted totheextent
incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
notpermitted.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
notpermitted.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyers permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a
7 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant inGeorgia. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, anexperience requirement (5ofthe7years preceding registration must have
beenspent practising law), certification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar,andacommitment toobserve theRules ofProfessional Responsibility
andDisciplinary Rules applicable tomembers oftheState BarofGeorgia. Professional privileges apply toallforeign lawyers.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Hawaii8
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted, provided FLC is
competent.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
permitted provided FLC
obtains advice from an
attorney licenced inthat
jurisdiction andidentifies
thatperson totheclient.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
permitted provided FLC
obtains advice from an
attorney licenced inthat
jurisdiction andidentifies
thatperson totheclient.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyers permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
8 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legalconsultant inHawaii. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, aminimum ageof26years, anexperience requirement (5ofthe7years preceding
registration musthavebeenspent practising law), andcertification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar.Professional privileges apply toallforeign
lawyers.
GATS/SC/90
Page 23THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 24
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Illinois9
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted totheextent
incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
notpermitted.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
notpermitted.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyers permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a
9 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant inIllinois. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, anexperience requirement (5ofthe7years preceding registration must have
beenspent practising law), meeting theprofessional liability insurance requirement, awritten commitment toobserve theRules ofProfessional Conduct, andcertification
ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar. Professional privileges apply toallforeign lawyers.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Michigan10
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) In-state residency required
4) In-state residency requireda) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted totheextent
incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
notpermitted.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
notpermitted.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyers permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Minnesota11
10 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant inMichigan. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, aminimum ageof18years, anexperience requirement (3ofthe5years
preceding registration must have beenspent practising law), andcertification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar. Professional privileges apply
toallforeign lawyers.
11 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant inMinnesota. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, aminimum ageof26years, anexperience requirement (5ofthe7years
preceding registration must have been spent practising law), certification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar,andaresubject totheMinnesota
Rules ofProfessional Conduct. Professional privileges apply toallforeign lawyers.
GATS/SC/90
Page 25THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 26
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
1) None
2) None
3) In-state office required
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Additionally, anin-state office is
required.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted totheextent
incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
notpermitted.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
notpermitted.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyers permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: New Jersey12
12 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant inNewJersey. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, anexperience requirement (5ofthe7years preceding registration must
have been spent practising law), meeting theprofessional liability insurance requirement, certification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar,and
shall observe theRules ofProfessional Conduct oftheAmerican BarAssociation. Professional privileges apply toallforeign lawyers.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
1) None
2) None
3) In-state office required
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Additionally, anin-state office is
required.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted totheextent
incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
permitted provided FLC
obtains advice from an
attorney licenced inthat
jurisdiction andidentifies
thatperson totheclient.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
permitted provided FLC
obtains advice from an
attorney licenced inthat
jurisdiction andidentifies
thatperson totheclient.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyers permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
GATS/SC/90
Page 27THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 28
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: New York13
1) None
2) None
3) In-state office required
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Additionally, anin-state office is
required.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted, provided FLC is
competent.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
permitted, provided FLC is
competent.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
permitted topractice NYand
federal lawprovided FLC
relies onadvice from a
person dulyqualified and
entitled torender
professional legal advice on
NYorUSlaw. Permitted to
practice lawofother US
states, provided FLC is
competent.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyers permitted.
13 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant inNew York. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, aminimum ageof26years, anexperience requirement (3ofthe5years
preceding registration must have been spent practising law), certification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar,meeting theprofessional liability
insurance requirement, andagreement tobebound bytheNew York BarCode ofEthics. Professional privileges apply toallforeign lawyers.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
unrestricted.
g) Other: n/a.
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Ohio14
1) None
2) None
3) In-state office required
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Additionally, anin-state office is
required.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
permitted ifFLC obtains
advice from anattorney
licenced inthatjurisdiction
andidentifies thatperson to
theclient.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
permitted ifFLC obtains
advice from anattorney
licenced inthatjurisdiction
andidentifies thatperson to
theclient.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyers notpermitted.
14 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant inOhio. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, aminimum ageof21years, anexperience requirement (4ofthe6years preceding
registration must have been spent practising law), certification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar,meeting theprofessional liability insurance
requirement, andbeing subject totheOhio Code ofProfessional Responsibility andthedisciplinary procedural rules setforth inGov. BarR.V. Professional privileges
apply toallforeign lawyers.
GATS/SC/90
Page 29THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 30
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Oregon15
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted totheextent
incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
permitted ifFLC obtains
advice from anattorney
licenced inthatjurisdiction
andidentifies thatperson to
theclient.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
permitted ifFLC obtains
advice from anattorney
licenced inthatjurisdiction
andidentifies thatperson to
theclient.
15 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant inOregon. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, aminimum ageof18years, anexperience requirement (5ofthe7years
preceding registration musthavebeenspent practising law), andcertification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar,meeting theprofessional liability
insurance requirement, andagreement tocomply withORSChapter 9,theOregon Code ofProfessional Responsibility andtheOregon State Bar'sRules ofProcedure.
Professional privileges apply toallforeign lawyers.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyer permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
GATS/SC/90
Page 31THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 32
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Texas16
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) In-state residency required
4) In-state residency requireda) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted totheextent
incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
notpermitted.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
notpermitted.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnership with
local lawyers permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
16 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant inTexas. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, aminimum ageof26years, anexperience requirement (5ofthe7years preceding
registrationmusthavebeenspentpractisinglaw),meetingtheprofessionalliabilityinsurancerequirement,certificationofregistrationandgoodstandingwithhome-country
bar,andtaking anoathtoabide bytheState BarAct,theState BarRules, andtheTexas Disciplinary Rules ofProfessional Conduct. Professional privileges apply
toallforeign lawyers.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Washington17
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) In-state residency required attime admitted
4) In-state residency required attime admitteda) Practice ofinternational law:
permitted totheextent
incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of3rd-country law:
notpermitted.
c) Practice ofhost-country law:
notpermitted.
d) Association withlocal
lawyers: partnerships with
local lawyers permitted.
e) Employment oflocal
lawyers: permitted.
f) Useoffirmname:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
17 Thefollowing information isprovided fortransparency purposes only. Asupplier regularly providing services inthejurisdiction isrequired tobelicenced asaforeign
legal consultant inWashington. Licensure issubject tomeeting requirements ofregistration, anexperience requirement (5ofthe7years preceding registration must
have been spent practising law), andcertification ofregistration andgood standing withhome-country bar,andagreement tobebound bytheDiscipline Rules for
Lawyers andtheRules ofProfessional Conduct. Professional privileges apply toallforeign lawyers.
GATS/SC/90
Page 33THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 34
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Forthefollowing jurisdiction, thefollowing
commitments apply: Other States
1) None
2) None
3) Unbound forAlabama, Arizona, Arkansas,
Colorado, Delaware, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa,
Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana,
Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New
Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota,
Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South
Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah,
Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin,
Wyoming.
4) Unbound forAlabama, Arizona, Arkansas,
Colorado, Delaware, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa,
Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana,
Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New
Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota,
Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South
Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah,
Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin,
Wyoming.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
b) Accounting, Auditing and
Bookkeeping Services1) None
2) None
3) Soleproprietorships orpartnerships arelimited
topersons licenced asaccountants, except in
Iowa where accounting firms must incorporate
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Inaddition, anin-state office must be
maintained forlicensure in:Arkansas,
Connecticut, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan,
Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New
Mexico, Ohio, Vermont, andWyoming.
UScitizenship isrequired forlicensure inNorth
Carolina.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) In-state residency isrequired forlicensure in:
Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of
Columbia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan,
Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska,
New Hampshire, New Mexico, North
Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma,
Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee,
andWest Virginia.
c) Taxation Services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 35THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 36
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
d) Architectural Services 1) None
2) None
3) Two-thirds oftheofficers, partners, and/or
directors ofanarchitectural firminMichigan
must belicenced inMichigan asarchitects,
professional engineers and/or landsurveyors.
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
e) Engineering Services
f) Integrated Engineering
Services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Inaddition, UScitizenship isrequired
forlicensure intheDistrict ofColumbia.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) In-state residency isrequired forlicensure in:
Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Mississippi,
Nevada, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South
Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, andWest
Virginia.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
g) Urban Planning &Landscape
Services1) None
2) None
3) Two-thirds oftheofficers, partners, and/or
directors ofanarchitectural firminMichigan
must belicenced inMichigan asarchitects,
professional engineers and/or landsurveyors
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
B. COMPUTER AND
RELATED SERVICES
(MTN.GNS/W/120 a)-e),
except airline computer
reservation systems)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
D. REAL ESTATE SERVICES 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Inaddition, UScitizenship isrequired
forlicensure asarealestate broker in:
Mississippi andNew York.1) Corporations thatownrealestate inFlorida
must maintain anoffice andregistered agent
inFlorida
2) None
3) None
4) In-state residency orUScitizenship is
required forlicensure asarealestate broker
inSouth Dakota
GATS/SC/90
Page 37THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 38
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
E. RENTAL/LEASING
SERVICES WITHOUT
OPERATORS:
c) Relating toOther Transport
Equipment
d) Relating toOther Machinery
andEquipment
e) Other (except Harbour
Dredges)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
F. OTHER BUSINESS
SERVICES
a) Advertising (except aerial
advertising andskywriting)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
b) Market Research andPublic
Opinion Polling1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
c) Management Consulting 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
d) Services Related to
Management Consulting1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
f) Services Incidental to
Agriculture, Hunting and
Forestry (except provision of
agricultural machinery with
drivers andcrew, harvesting
andrelated services, services
offarm labour contractors,
andaerial firefighting)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 39THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 40
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
g) Services Incidental toFishing 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
h) Services Incidental toMining 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
j) Services Incidental toEnergy
Distribution1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
k) Placement andSupply
Services ofPersonnel1) None
2) None
3) UScitizenship isrequired forownership of
employment agencies inArkansas.
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Inaddition, UScitizenship isrequired
forlicensure asanemployment agent,
employment agency counsellor andemployment
agency manager inArkansas.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
l) Investigation andSecurity
Services1) None
2) None
3) Permanent resident alien status orUScitizenship
isrequired toowncontract security companies in
Maine
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Inaddition, permanent resident alien
status orUScitizenship isrequired forprivate
investigators andsecurity guards in:Maine and
New York.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) In-state residency isrequired forprivate
detectives inMichigan
GATS/SC/90
Page 41THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 42
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
m) Related Scientific &
Technical Consulting (except
landsurveying forthe
purpose ofestablishing legal
boundaries, aerial surveying
andaerial map-making)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None18
2) None18
3) None18
4) None
n) Maintenance &Repair of
Equipment (except maritime
vessels, aircraft, andother
transport equipment)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
o) Building-Cleaning Services 1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None
18 Forthose functions where anengineering degree isrequired, theUSlimitations onengineering alsoapply.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
p) Photographic Services (except
aerial photographic services)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
q) Packaging Services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
r) Publishing (Only partof
MTN.GNS/W/120 category:
"r)Printing, Publishing")1) None
2) None
3) Asingle company orfirmisnotpermitted to
ownacombination ofnewspaper, radio and/or
TVbroadcast stations serving thesame local
market
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 43THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 44
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
s) Convention Services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) Unbound withrespect totaxdeductions
3) None
4) None
2. COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
B. LAND-BASED COURIER
SERVICES (except courier
services involving anyprior
orsubsequent movement by
air)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
C. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Enhanced
Telecommunications Services,
asdefined bytheUSFederal
Communications Commission
inSection 64.702 ofthe
Commission 'sRules and
Regulations: services,
offered over common carrier
transmission facilities (i.e.,
public telecommunications
transport services) which
employ computer processing
applications that:1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
i) actontheformat, content
code, protocol orsimilar
aspects ofthesubscriber 's
transmitted information; or
ii) provide thesubscriber
additional, different, or
restructured information; or
iii) involve subscriber interaction
withstored information.
GATS/SC/90
Page 45THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 46
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Includes thefollowing:
h) Electronic Mail
i) Voice Mail
j) On-line Information andData
Base Retrieval
k) Electronic Data Interchange
l) Enhanced/Value-added
Facsimile Services (including
store andforward, store and
retrieve)
m) Code andProtocol
Conversion
n) On-line Information and/or
Data Processing (including
transaction processing)
o) Other
D. AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES
a) Motion Picture &Video Tape
Production &Distribution
Services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) Grants from theNational Endowment forthe
Artsareonlyavailable for: individuals with
UScitizenship orpermanent resident alien
status, andnon-profit companies.
2) None
3) Grants from theNational Endowment forthe
Artsareonlyavailable for: individuals with
UScitizenship orpermanent resident alien
status, andnon-profit companies.
4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
b) Motion Picture Projection
Service1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
c) Radio &Television Services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
d) Radio andTelevision
Transmission Services1) None
2) None
3) Asingle company orfirmisprohibited from
owning acombination ofnewspapers, radio
and/or TVbroadcast stations serving thesame
local market.1) None
2) None
3) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 47THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 48
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Radio andtelevision licences maynotbeheld
by:aforeign government; acorporation
chartered under thelawofaforeign country or
which hasanon-US citizen asanofficer or
director ormore than20percentofthecapital
stock ofwhich isowned orvoted bynon-US
citizens; acorporation chartered under thelaws
oftheUnited States thatisdirectly orindirectly
controlled byacorporation more than25per
centofwhose capital stock isowned bynon-US
citizens oraforeign government oracorporation
ofwhich anyofficer ormore than25percentof
thedirectors arenon-US citizens.
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Inaddition, UScitizenship isrequired
toobtain radio andtelevision licences.4) None
e) Sound Recording 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
f) Other Audiovisual Services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
3. CONSTRUCTION &
RELATED ENGINEERING
SERVICES -(except Marine
Dredging)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Inaddition, anin-state office must be
maintained byallcontractors inMichigan.1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES
A. COMMISSION AGENTS '
SERVICES1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 49THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 50
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
B. WHOLESALE TRADE
(except wholesale trade of
alcoholic beverages, firearms
andmilitary equipment)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
B. WHOLESALE TRADE of
alcoholic beverages1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Unbound
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
C. RETAILING (except retail
saleofalcoholic beverages,
firearms andmilitary
equipment)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
D. FRANCHISING 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
5. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
D. Adult Education (except
flying instruction) 1) None
2) None
3) Thenumber oflicences forcosmetology schools
inKentucky islimited to48totallicences, witha
totalof8licences allowed foroperation ofsuch
schools percongressional district
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1),2),3),4)Scholarships andgrants maybe
limited toUScitizens and/or residents of
particular states andmay, insome cases,
onlybeused atcertain states institutions or
within certain USjurisdictions.
E. Other Education Services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1),2),3),4)Scholarships andgrants maybe
limited toUScitizens and/or residents of
particular states andmay, insome cases,
onlybeused atcertain states institutions or
within certain USjurisdictions.
GATS/SC/90
Page 51THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 52
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
6. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES19,20
A. Sewage Services (contracted
byprivate industry)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
B. Refuse Disposal Services
(contracted byprivate
industry)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
19 Ineachofthefollowing subsectors, UScommitments arelimited tothefollowing activities: implementation andinstallation ofneworexisting systems forenvironmental
cleanup,remediation,preventionandmonitoring;implementationofenvironmentalqualitycontrolandpollutionreductionservices;maintenanceandrepairofenvironment-
related systems andfacilities notalready covered bytheUScommitments onmaintenance andrepair ofequipment; on-site environmental investigation, evaluation,
monitoring; sample collection services; training onsiteoratthefacility; consulting related tothese areas.
20 Nothing inthisoffer related totransportation should beconstrued tosupersede theexisting UScommitments ontransportation orrelated MFN exemptions.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
C. Sanitation andSimilar
Services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
D. Other (Cleaning services of
exhaust gases; Noise
abatement services; Nature
andlandscape protection
services; Other environmental
services, n.e.c.)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 53THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 54
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES
A. INSURANCE: (Limited toInsurance): Commitments inthissubsector areundertaken pursuant tothealternative approach toscheduling commitments setforth inthe
Understanding onCommitments inFinancial Services.
Direct Insurance
a) Life, Accident, andHealth
Insurance Services (except
workers compensation
insurance)
b) Non-Life Insurance Services1) None 1) Aonepercentfederal excise taxisimposed
onalllifeinsurance premiums andafourper
centfederal excise taxisimposed onall
non-life insurance premiums covering US
risks thatarepaidtocompanies not
incorporated under USlaw,except for
premiums thatareearned bysuch companies
through anoffice ordependent agent inthe
United States.
Some states andsome municipalities impose
premium taxes oninsurance policies covering
risks located within thejurisdiction.
When more than50percentofthevalue of
amaritime vessel whose hullwasbuilt under
federally guaranteed mortgage funds is
insured byanon-US insurer, theinsured
must demonstrate thattheriskwas
substantially firstoffered intheUSmarket.
2) None 2) UnboundTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
3) Government-owned orgovernment-controlled
insurance companies, whether USorforeign, are
notauthorized toconduct business in:Alabama,
Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut,
Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas,
Kentucky, Maryland, Nevada, New York
(non-life companies areauthorized; lifeand
health companies arenot), North Carolina, North
Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee,
Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming.3) None
Insurance companies owned orcontrolled by
governments outside theUnited States arenot
authorized toconduct business in:North
Carolina, North Dakota andTennessee.
Branches arenotpermitted toprovide surety
bonds forUSfederal government contracts.
Thefollowing states have nomechanism for
licensing initial entry ofanon-US insurance
company asasubsidiary, unless thatcompany is
already licenced insome other USstate:
Minnesota, Mississippi, andTennessee.
GATS/SC/90
Page 55THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 56
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Thefollowing states have nomechanism for
licensing initial entry ofanon-US insurance
company asabranch, unless thatcompany is
already licenced insome other USstate:
Arkansas, Arizona, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas,
Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, North
Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee,
Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming, West
Virginia.
UScitizenship isrequired formembers ofthe
board ofdirectors oflocally established and
licenced companies inthefollowing states andin
thefollowing shares ornumbers: 100percent
required inLouisiana; three-quarters in
Washington (formutual lifecompanies);
two-thirds required inOklahoma (forstock and
mutual companies) andPennsylvania; amajority
required inCalifornia (forinsurers operating as
authorized insurers onlyinthestate of
California), Florida (forstock andmutual
insurers), Georgia (forstock andmutual
insurers), Idaho (forstock andmutual insurers),
Indiana, Kansas (forstock insurers), Kentucky,
Mississippi, Ohio (forlegal reserve life
insurers), South Dakota (except ifmore than
1000 persons areentitled tovotefortheboard of
directors andamajority ofthevoters reside.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
outside thestate, orlessthanonepercentofthe
shares areowned bystate residents), Wyoming
(foraninsurer operating asanauthorized insurer
onlyinWyoming); seven inTennessee (for
mutual lifeinsurance companies; three inIllinois
(forstock, mutual, orlegal reserve insurers) and
Missouri (lifeandaccident).
UScitizenship forincorporators ofinsurance
companies isrequired inthefollowing states and
inthefollowing percentages ornumbers: 100
percentinHawaii, Idaho (forstock ormutual
insurer), South Dakota andWashington;
two-thirds inArizona (forstock andmutual
insurers), Georgia (forstock andmutual
insurers); amajority inAlaska, Florida (for
stock andmutual insurers), Kansas (alllife
insurance companies andmutual insurers other
thanlife), Kentucky (formutual orstock
insurers); Montana (stock ormutual insurers),
Wyoming (forreserve stock andmutual
insurers).
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section4) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 57THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 58
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
c) Reinsurance &Retrocession 1) Insurance companies incorporated inNevada
maypurchase reinsurance onlyfrom aninsurer
admitted toNevada. Unbound forMaine forthe
provision ofreinsurance forworkers '
compensation.1) Aonepercentfederal excise taxisimposed
onallpremiums covering USrisks thatare
paidtocompanies notincorporated under US
law,except forpremiums thatareearned by
such companies through anoffice or
dependent agent intheUnited States.
Some states andsome municipalities impose
premium taxes oninsurance policies covering
risks located within thejurisdiction.
2) Insurance companies incorporated inNevada
maypurchase reinsurance onlyfrom aninsurer
admitted toNevada. Unbound forMaine forthe
provision ofreinsurance forworkers '
compensation.2) Unbound
3) Government-owned orgovernment-controlled
insurance companies, whether USorforeign, are
notauthorized toconduct business in:Alabama,
Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut,
Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas,
Kentucky, Maryland, Nevada, New York
(non-life companies areauthorized; lifeand
health companies arenot), North Carolina, North
Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee,
Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming.3) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Thefollowing states have nomechanism for
licensing initial entry ofanon-US insurance
company asasubsidiary, unless thatcompany is
already licenced insome other USstate:
Minnesota, Mississippi, andTennessee. After a
licence isobtained insome other USstate,
licensing andentry intothestates listed above is
permitted.
Thefollowing states have nomechanism for
licensing initial entry ofanon-US insurance
company asabranch, unless thatcompany is
already licenced insome other USstate:
Arkansas, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Minnesota,
Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont,
Wisconsin, Wyoming, West Virginia. After a
licence isobtained insome other USstate,
licensing andentry intothestates listed above is
permitted.
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section4) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 59THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 60
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
d) Services Auxiliary to
Insurance:
i) Brokerage Services 1) None
2) None
3) Generally, brokerage firms canoffer services in
most states byobtaining licences as"brokers"
andinother states byobtaining licences to
operate as"agents". Brokerage licences arenot
issued in:Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan,
Minnesota, Mississippi, Oregon, Tennessee,
Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin.
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section. Inaddition, generally, brokerage firms
canoffer services inmost states byobtaining
licences as"brokers" andinother states by
obtaining licences tooperate as"agents".
Brokerage licences arenotissued in:Florida,
Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin.1) None
2) Unbound
3) None
4) Brokerage licences arenotissued to
non-residents in:South Dakota, Wyoming.
Brokerage licences areissued to
non-residents foronlycertain lines of
insurance in:Alabama (allexcept life,
accident &health), Arkansas (property,
casualty, surety &marine), Louisiana
(property &casualty), New Mexico (property
&casualty).
Higher licence feesfornon-residents maybe
charged in:Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas,
California, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana,
Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico,THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
ii) Agency Services 1) None
2) None
3) NoneNorth Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio,
Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
South Carolina, Utah, Vermont.
1) None
2) Unbound
3) Agency licences areissued tonon-residents
foronlycertain lines ofinsurance in:
Florida (general lines, life&health), Hawaii
(property &operations), Kentucky (general
lines, life&health), Louisiana (life&
health), New Mexico (life&health), Ohio
(allexcept life&casualty), Rhode Island (all
except general lines).
Higher licence feesfornon-residents maybe
charged in:Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas,
California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii,
Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico,
North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota,
Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin,
Wyoming.
4) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 61THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 62
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section
iii) Consultancy, Actuarial, Risk
Assessment, andClaim
Settlement Services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) Unbound
3) None
4) In-state residency isrequired forlicensure in:
California (foradjusters; andforlifeand
disability insurance analysts), Georgia (for
inspection when notaccompanied bya
licenced resident adjuster), Illinois (for
non-resident public adjusters whoare
licenced inastate which does notpermit
equal treatment toIllinois residents),
Mississippi (forindependent adjusters), and
Nevada (forappraisers andadjusters).THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
B. FINANCIAL SERVICES (LIMITED TOBANKING AND OTHER FINANCIAL SERVICES AND EXCLUDING INSURANCE): Commitments inthese subsectors are
undertaken inaccordance withtheUnderstanding onCommitments inFinancial Services (theUnderstanding), which isincorporated byreference intothisschedule, andunder
Article XVII oftheGeneral Agreement onTrade inServices (GATS). These subsectors areunbound withrespect toArticle XVIoftheGATS.
Inaddition, 1)thissubsector shall beunbound withrespect tomarket access through modes 1and3fortheexpansion ofexisting operations, theestablishment ofanew
commercial presence (inmode 3only) ortheconduct ofnewactivities, and2)service suppliers choosing tosupply aservice through ajuridical person constituted under the
laws oftheUnited States aresubject tonon-discriminatory limitations onjuridical form.
National treatment commitments aresubject tothefollowing limitation:
National treatment willbeprovided according totheforeign bank's"home State" intheUnited States, asthatterm isdefined under theInternational Banking Act.21
AllSubsectors 1) None
2) None1) None
2) Unbound
21 Foreign banking organizations aregenerally subject togeographic limitations intheUnited States onanational treatment basis. Where geographic limits donotconform
tonational treatment, theyhave been reserved asmarket access restrictions. Forpurposes ofillustration, under thisapproach thefollowing situations donotaccord
national treatment andaretherefore scheduled aslimitations: 1)where aforeign bank from aparticular home State isaccorded lessfavourable treatment thanthat
accorded toadomestic bank from thatState withrespect toexpansion bybranching, and2)where aforeign bank istreated lessfavourably thanadomestic bank holding
company from theforeign bank'shome State withrespect toexpansion through acquisition orestablishment ofabank subsidiary.
GATS/SC/90
Page 63THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 64
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
3) Alldirectors ofanational bank must becitizens
unless anational bank isanaffiliate orsubsidiary
ofaforeign bank, inwhich caseonlyamajority
oftheboard need becitizens.
Foreign ownership ofEdge corporations is
limited toforeign banks andUSsubsidiaries of
foreign banks, while domestic non-bank firms
mayownsuch corporations.
Federal andstate lawdonotpermit acredit
union, savings bank, home loanorthrift business
intheUnited States tobeprovided through
branches ofcorporations organized under a
foreign country 'slaw.
Inorder toaccept ormaintain domestic retail
deposits oflessthan$100,000, aforeign bank
must establish aninsured banking subsidiary.
Thisprohibition does notapply toaforeign bank
branch thatwasengaged ininsured
deposit-taking activities onDecember 19,1991.3) Foreign banks arerequired toregister under
theInvestment Advisers Actof1940 to
engage insecurities advisory andinvestment
management services intheUnited States,
while domestic banks areexempt from
registration. Theregistration requirement
involves record maintenance, inspections,
submission ofreports andpayment ofafee.
Foreign banks cannot bemembers ofthe
Federal Reserve System, andthusmaynot
votefordirectors ofaFederal Reserve Bank.
Foreign-owned bank subsidiaries arenot
subject tothismeasure.
Branch, agency andrepresentative offices of
foreign banks arerequired tobecharged for
thecostofFederal Reserve examinations.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Initial entry orexpansion byaforeign person
(butnotadomestic person) through acquisition
orestablishment ofacommercial bank subsidiary
isprohibited orotherwise limited inthe
following states: Alabama; Arkansas; California
(limit onforeign non-bank ownership of
international banking corporation); Colorado;
Indiana; Kansas; Louisiana; Minnesota;
Mississippi; Montana; Nebraska; New Jersey;
North Carolina; North Dakota; Oregon;
Tennessee; Vermont; Virginia; Washington;
West Virginia; Wisconsin. Thelimitations in
thisparagraph donotapply toestablishment or
acquisition ofanational bank subsidiary bya
foreign person thatdoes notalready have a
banking presence intheUnited States.
Theboards ofdirectors ofdepository institutions
organized under thefollowing states 'laws are
subject tocitizenship requirements ofuptothe
specified proportions: Alabama (all); Colorado
(majority); District ofColumbia (all); Florida
(majority); Georgia (all); Indiana (3/4); Iowa
(all); Kentucky (all); Louisiana (3/5);
GATS/SC/90
Page 65THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 66
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Massachusetts (all); Mississippi (all); Missouri
(all); New Hampshire (majority); New Mexico
(3/4); New York (all); North Carolina (3/4);
North Dakota (majority); Ohio (majority);
Oklahoma (3/4); Oregon (majority);
Pennsylvania (all); South Dakota (3/4);
Tennessee (3/4); Virginia (majority).
Citizenship isalsorequired fortheincorporators
ororganizers ofdepository institutions organized
under state law.
Establishment ofadirect branch oragency bya
foreign bank islimited asspecified inthe
following states:
State branch licence subject tospecified
limitations --California (notrust/fiduciary
powers); Illinois (limited trust/fiduciary powers
andrestricted toChicago business district);
Massachusetts; Oregon; Pennsylvania,
Washington (limited trust/fiduciary powers and
tooneoffice perbank). These limitations donot
apply toFederal branches.
State branch licence notavailable, butstate
agency licence isinIdaho.THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Nostate branch oragency licence available --
Arizona; Arkansas; Colorado; Indiana; Iowa;
Maine; Maryland; Minnesota; Montana;
Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New
Mexico; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Rhode
Island; South Carolina; South Dakota;
Tennessee; Utah; Vermont. These limitations do
notapply toFederal offices.
Branch licence notavailable butagency licence
is,subject toanyspecified limitations --
Delaware (state licence limited tooneoffice per
bank andcannot operate inamanner likely to
result inasubstantial detriment toexisting bank);
Florida (available onlytoaforeign bank withat
least $25million incapital orthatisoneoffive
largest banks initshome country); Mississippi;
Missouri; Georgia (available onlytoforeign
bank withatleast $50million incapital); Hawaii
(foreign bank must have $10billion inassets and
beatleast 10years old); Louisiana (limited to
parishes withmore than350,000 residents);
Michigan (Federal branch licences available);
Texas (limited tocounties withatleast 1.5
million residents).Thefollowing states require direct branches
oragencies offoreign banks toregister under
securities broker-dealer orinvestment adviser
measures, while bank subsidiaries areexempt
from such registration: Alabama; California;
District ofColumbia; Idaho; Illinois;
Louisiana; Missouri; Nebraska; New
Hampshire; Texas; Vermont. These
limitations donotapply toFederally licenced
branches oragencies.
Texas allows pre-judgement seizure remedies
andcivil discovery requests tobeapplied
against foreign bank agencies, while
subsidiaries areexempt. Texas alsoprohibits
agencies from acting asfiduciaries inTexas.
Nobranch orstate agency licence available --
Wyoming.
Nobranch oragency licence available --
Alabama; Connecticut; Kansas; New Jersey;
North Dakota; Virginia.
GATS/SC/90
Page 67THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 68
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Representative offices offoreign banks arenot
permitted inthefollowing states: Arizona;
Arkansas; Colorado; Connecticut; Kansas;
Kentucky; Mississippi; Montana; Nevada; New
Hampshire; New Jersey; North Dakota;
Oklahoma; Oregon; Rhode Island; South
Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Vermont;
Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming.
Other states require incorporation of
representative offices.
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section.4) None
Trading ofSecurities and
Derivative Products andServices
Related Thereto; Participation in
Securities Issues1),2),3)Federal lawprohibits theoffer orsaleof
futures contracts ononions, options contracts on
onions, andoptions onfutures contracts on
onions intheUnited States, andservices related
thereto
Unbound fortheauthority toactasasoletrustee
ofanindenture forabond offering intheUnited
States
Unbound withrespect totheuseofsimplified
registration andperiodic reporting forms for
securities issued bysmall business corporations
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1),3)None (except asnoted intheheadnote above)
Unbound withrespect tomode 2
4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Participation inIssues of
Government Debt Securities1),2)None 1),2)None
3) Unbound forthegranting orcontinuation of
Federal Reserve designation asaprimary dealer
inUSgovernment debt3) None (except asnoted intheheadnote above)
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section4) None
8. HEALTH RELATED &
SOCIAL SERVICES
A. HOSPITAL AND OTHER
HEALTH CARE
FACILITIES -Direct
ownership andmanagement
andoperation bycontract of
such facilities ona"forfee"
basis1) Unbound*
2) None
3) Establishment ofhospitals orother health care
facilities, procurement ofspecific types of
medical equipment, orprovision ofspecific types
ofmedical procedures maybesubject to
needs-based quantitative limits.1) Unbound*
2) Federal orstate government reimbursement
ofmedical expenses islimited tolicensed,
certified facilities intheUnited States orina
specific USstate
3) None
InNew York, corporate ownership ofan
operating corporation for,andlimited
partnerships asoperators of,hospitals, nursing
homes (including longterm health carecentres)
ordiagnostic andtreatment centres isprohibited.
Iftheoperator hasanymembers which arenot
natural persons orisacorporation whose shares
ofstock areowned byanother corporation, a
New York corporation must beestablished asthe
operator ofalicenced home careservices agency
andacertified home health agency.
GATS/SC/90
Page 69THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 70
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
InMichigan andNew York Health Maintenance
Organizations must beincorporated inthose
states.
4) Unbound except asindicated inthehorizontal
section4) None
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL
RELATED SERVICES
A. HOTELS AND
RESTAURANTS
(INCLUDING CATERING)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
B. TRAVEL AGENCIES AND
TOUR OPERATORS1) None
2) None
3) Official tourism offices withdiplomatic or
official status arenotpermitted tooperate ona
commercial basis intheUnited States ortoactas
agents orprincipals incommercial transactions
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
C. TOUR GUIDE SERVICES 1) None
2) None
3) Thenumber ofconcessions available for
commercial operations infederal, state andlocal
facilities islimited
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
D. OTHER 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
10. RECREATIONAL,
CULTURAL, &SPORTING
SERVICES
A. ENTERTAINMENT
SERVICES (INCLUDING
THEATRE, LIVE BANDS
AND CIRCUS SERVICES)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 71THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 72
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
B. NEWS AGENCY SERVICES 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
C. LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES,
MUSEUMS AND OTHER
CULTURAL SERVICES1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
D. OTHER RECREATIONAL
SERVICES (except sporting)1) None
2) None
3) Thenumber ofconcessions available for
commercial operations infederal, state andlocal
facilities islimited
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES
C. AIRTRANSPORT
SERVICES: Aircraft repair
andmaintenance. (Aircraft
repair andmaintenance
activities, when undertaken
onanaircraft orapart
thereof, while itiswithdrawn
from service. Does not
include linemaintenance or
other repair ormaintenance
activities undertaken byanair
carrier (includes itsagents or
contractors) onaircraft it
owns, leases, oroperates.)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None
E. RAIL TRANSPORT
a) Passenger Transportation,
excluding highspeed rail
b) Freight Transportation1) None
2) None
3) Foreign railroads must incorporate inVermont
orinanadjacent state inorder toowndirectly or
indirectly thestock ofarailroad company
incorporated inVermont
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 73THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 74
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
d) Maintenance andRepair of
RailTransport Equipment1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
F. ROAD TRANSPORT
a) Passenger transport:
Interurban regular transport1) Unbound until January 1,1997. Nolimitations
after thatdate.
2) None
3) Unbound until January 1,2001. Nolimitations
after thatdate.
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) Unbound until January 1,1997. No
limitations after thatdate.
2) None
3) Unbound until January 1,2001. No
limitations after thatdate.
4) NoneTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
b) Freight transport
(Commitment limited to
transportation ofcargo that
haseither anorigin ora
destination outside theUnited
States)1) Unbound until December 17,1995. After
December 17,1995, unbound except toorfrom
California, Arizona, New Mexico andTexas
through different ports ofentry. Nolimitations
after January 1,2000.
2) None
3) Unbound until December 17,1995. After
December 17,1995, nolimitations
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
d) Maintenance andRepair of
Road Transport Equipment1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/90
Page 75THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA (continued)GATS/SC/90
Page 76
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
H. SERVICES AUXILIARY TOALL MODES OFTRANSPORT
d) Other Supporting and
Auxiliary Transport Services:
Customs House Brokers1) Unbound*
2) None
3) Services must besupplied byacorporation,
association orpartnership. Oneofficer ofa
corporation orassociation oroneofthemembers
ofapartnership must holdavalid customs
broker 'slicence inorder fortheentity toengage
insuch business. Acustoms broker 'slicence
mayonlybeobtained byaUScitizen.
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthehorizontal
section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None