WORLD TRADE G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
25April 1996
ORGANIZATION(96-1552)
Original: English Committee onSafeguards
NOTIFICATIONS OFLAWS, REGULATIONS AND
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES RELATING
TOSAFEGUARD MEASURES
HUNGARY
Thefollowing communication, dated 29February 1996, hasbeen received from thePermanent
Mission ofHungary.
_______________G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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ActNo.IVof1957
ontheGeneral Rules ofState Administrative Procedure1
CHAPTER I
Basic Provisions
Objective oftheAct
Section 1
Theobjective ofthisActistofacilitate theefficient performance ofstate administrative tasks
byregulating theofficial procedure ofthepublic administrative organs.
Basic Principles
Section 2
(1)2Intheir procedure, thepublic administrative organs willconsistently enforce theprincipals of
legality, democracy andhumanism.
(2) Thepublic administrative organs shall further theassertion ofrights andtheperformance of
duties, aswell asthestrengthening ofcivic discipline.
(3)3
(4) Thepublic administrative organs carry outtheir tasks withtheactive participation ofthecivilian
population. Thestate administrative procedure isbased ontheefficient cooperation oftheauthorities,
theclients andother organs andpersons participating intheprocedure.
(5) Inthestateadministrative procedure, Hungarian andnon-Hungarian (foreign) clients shall enjoy
fullequality before thelaw,andtheir affairs shall bemanaged without anydiscrimination orpartiality.
Everyone isentitled tousetheir mother language inthestate administrative procedure both inword
andinwriting. Nooneshall suffer anydisadvantage because ofnotknowing theHungarian language.
(6) Inthestate administrative procedure, theclient hastheright tomake astatement andtoresort
toalegal remedy; however, they must cooperate ingood faith andasefficiently asthey can. Inorder
toensure this, theorgan proceeding inthegiven matter must inform theclient about their rights and
liabilities.
(7) Thepublic administrative organs shall discharge their duties byarapid andsimple procedure.
1Dayofpromulgation: 9June1957. Dayofentry intoforce: 1October 1957. Amended andformulated
asatextofuniform structure byActNo.Iof1981. Amendments made before thatarenotincluded. Thewording
used intheActwasmodified byparagraph (4),Section 72ofActNo.XXIII of1992.
2Paragraphs (1)-(2) ofSection 2have been amended according toSection 29ofActNo.XXof1991.
3Paragraph (3)ofSection 2hasbeen abrogated bySection 29ofActNo.XXof1991.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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TheScope oftheAct
Section 3
(1) When public administrative organs proceed instate administrative matters, theprovisions of
thisActshall beapplied.4
(2) Acts ofParliament, law-decrees5orgovernment decrees mayauthorize bodies other thanpublic
administrative organs tomanage state administrative affairs. Thebodies thusauthorized shall proceed
inthematter aslaiddown inthepresent Act.
(3) Forthepurposes ofthepresent Act, state administrative procedure isdefined asanyaffair or
matter inwhich apublic administrative organ states aright orliability, confirms data, keeps records
orcarries outofficial checks concerning theclient.
(4) Theclient isaprivate person, alegal entity orother organ without alegal person whose right
orvested interest isaffected bythegiven matter. Theorgan which, based onitsscope ofduties, is
concerned with thegiven matter isentitled totheclient 'srights.
(5) Unless aninternational agreement orruleoflawdirects otherwise, instate administrative affairs
ofnon-Hungarian clients thepublic administrative organ shall actaslaiddown inthepresent Act.
(6)6Unless aruleoflawdirects otherwise7,thepresent Actshall beapplied inmatters ofnational
defence, foreign trade administration andsocial insurance, inmatters concerning laws ontheprohibition
ofunfair market practices andprice fixing, infiscal andexcise taxmatters, aswellasinmatters relating
tothelegal protection ofindustrial property.
(7)8Thescope ofthisActdoes notcover theprocedure tobefollowed inpetty offenses andin
naturalization affairs.
(8) Therules oflawrelating tostate administrative procedures notmentioned inparagraphs (6)
and(7)may deviate from theprovisions ofthepresent Actonly ifsuch deviations areallowed bythe
law.
4Forofficial matters coming under thecompetence ofthelocal authorities, seeSection 109ofActNo.LXV
of1990 andActXXof1991.
5The"law-decree" asasource oflawnolonger exists.
6Paragraph(6)ofSection3isatextestablishedbySection82ofActNo.LVIIIof1993andamendedaccording
topoint (a),Section 117ofActNo.XXXIII of1995. Theamendment willcome intoforce on1January 1996.
7SeeActNo.CXof1993, theGovernment Decree No.6/1976 (III.31.) MTandDecree No.2/1976 (VI.17.)
HM, ActNo.IIof1975 onsocial insurance, inuniform structure withtheGovernment Decree No.89/1990
(V.1). issued toimplement theformer, Decree No.6/1982 (II.17.) PMontheofficial procedure oftheforeign
exchange authorities andDecree No.1/1982 (I.16.) KkM onthegeneral procedural rules offoreign trade
administration, aswellasActNo.XCIof1990 ontheorder oftaxation andActNo.LVIII of1993 ontheexcise
taxregulations andcontrol andonthetaximposed ondistilling onacontract basis.
8Paragraph (7)ofSection 3isthetextestablished byparagraph (2),Section 24ofActNo.LVof1993.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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CHAPTER II
Jurisdiction andCompetence
Section 4
(1) Thepublic administrative organ must proceed inthematter belonging toitsjurisdiction inits
area ofcompetence. Ifitfails tofulfil thisobligation, itssuperior authority shall, either onrequest
orinthelineofitsofficial duties, direct ittodoso.
(2) Matters belonging toitsjurisdiction shall notbedrawn away from thepublic administrative
organ.9
Determination ofJurisdiction
Section 5
(1) Thejurisdiction orscope ofauthority ofthepublic administrative organ isdetermined bya
ruleoflaw. This must specify theorgan which conducts theproceedings offirstinstance inthematter.
(2)10
(3) Unless other provisions aremade byaruleoflaw, itistheresponsibility oftheorgan of
thelowest grade toactinthematter inthefirstinstance.
(4) Ifacourt rules thatthepublic administrative organ hasorlacks jurisdiction inagiven matter,
orpasses adecision onthemerits ofthecase, thatdecision shall bebinding upon thepublic administrative
organ.
Determination ofCompetence
Section 6
(1) Unless other provisions aremade byaruleoflaw, thatpublic administrative organ shall have
competence toactinthematter.
(a) intheareaofwhich thepermanent ortemporary domicile (seat, registered offices) of
theclient aresituated;
(b) inmatters concerning realestate (land, house, apartment, other premises, etc.)thatpublic
administrative organ shall have competence toactinwhose jurisdiction therealestate
issituated;
(c) inmatters concerning anactivity subject tolicensing ornotification, that public
administrative organ shall have competence toactinwhose areaofjurisdiction thegiven
activity ispractised orintended tobepractised.
9SeeActNo.LXV of1990 andActXXof1991.
10Paragraph (2),Section 5hasbeen abrogated bySection 29ofActNo.XXof1991.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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(2)11Iftheclient isstaying abroad orifhis/her residence isunknown, competence shall bedetermined
onthebasis oftheclient 'slastknown residence within thecountry; intheabsence ofsuch, thematter
shall bereferred totheChief Notary oftheMetropolitan Municipality toconduct theproceedings.
(3) Ifseveral public administrative organs have competence toactinagiven matter, theproceedings
shall beconducted bytheoneatwhich they were initiated earlier (precedence).
(4) Ifapublic administrative organ obtains knowledge ofthefactthat, onthebasis ofprecedence,
some other public administrative organ hasalready acted inthematter, itshall stayitsproceedings or
revoke itsdecision, andsend notification ofthatfactboth tothepublic administrative organ thathas
proceeded inthematter andtotheclient.
Examination ofJurisdiction andCompetence
Section 7
(1) Thepublic administrative organ must examine itsjurisdiction andcompetence inallstages of
theproceedings exofficio .Ifitstates thatithasnojurisdiction orcompetence inthegiven matter,
itshall immediately refer thecasetothecompetent public administrative organ which hasjurisdiction
over it,andshall simultaneously notify theclient ofthatfact.
(2) Regardlessofitsjurisdictionandcompetence,thepublicadministrativeorganmusttakemeasures
incases when thelack ofthesaidmeasures would involve adelay resulting inanunavoidable loss
ordanger. Themeasures taken shall immediately bereported tothecompetent public administrative
organ authorized toactinthematter, which organ willreview whether thesaidaction shall bemaintained.
Designation ofthePublic Administrative Organ Acting intheMatter
Section 8
(1) Ifinagiven matter:
(a) morethanonepublicadministrativeorganhasestablisheditsjurisdictionandcompetence;
(b) more than onepublic administrative organ hasestablished thelackofitsjurisdiction
orcompetence andtherefore theproceedings could notbeinitiated orarenotinprocess;
(c) more thanonecompetent public administrative organ hasinitiated proceedings andon
thebasis ofprecedence itcannot bedecided which public administrative organ isentitled
toconduct theproceedings; thepublic administrative organs concerned shall attempt
tosettle thedispute among themselves without anydelay.
(2)12Iftheproceedings mentioned inparagraph (1)failtoyield aresult within 8days, thepublic
administrative organ which istoactinthegiven matter shall bedesignated bythefollowing organ:
11Paragraph (2)ofSection 6isthetextestablished bySection 30ofActXXIV of1991.
12Paragraph (2)ofSection 8isthetextestablished bySection 22ofActNo.XXof1991.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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(a) ifthere isaconflict ofcompetence, itshall bedesignated bythenearest common superior
public administrative authority; intheabsence ofsuch anauthority, theCommissioner
oftheRepublic shall designate apublic administrative organ toactinthematter, of
theauthorities competent toactinhis/her area ofoperation.
(b) ifthere isaconflict ofjurisdictions, thepublic administrative organ which istoact
inthematter shall bedesignated bytheConstitutional Court.
Proceedings Outside theArea ofCompetence
Section 9
(1) Public administrative organs may institute proceedings outside their areaofcompetence only
ifthisismade possible byaruleoflaw.
(2)13Theheads ofthedistrict administrative organs ofthecapital andthose ofdistrict offices of
towns ofcountry rank areentitled toconduct proceedings intheentire areaofthecapital ortown of
county rank.
Requests
Section 10
Every organ shall, within itsown scope ofduties, comply with requests received from public
administrative organs within fifteen days.
Section 11
(1) Ifinastate administrative procedure action hastobetaken intheareaofcompetence ofsome
other public administrative organ, thecompetent public administrative organ having jurisdiction over
thegiven matter shall berequested totake thesaidaction.
(2) Theauthority towhom therequest wassentmay refuse complying with therequest only if
thegiven matter does notbelong toitsjurisdiction orcompetence. Insuch cases therequest shall
immediatelybesenttothecompetentauthorityhavingjurisdictionoverthesaidmatter,withsimultaneous
notification ofthepublic administrative organ bywhom therequest wassent.
Section 12
(1) Unless aninternational agreement orruleoflawdirects otherwise, requests sentfrom abroad
shallbesenttothepublicadministrativeorganauthorizedtotakeactionbytheForeignMinister(Secretary
forForeign Affairs).
(2) Unless aninternational agreement orruleoflawdirects otherwise, requests senttoauthorities
outside thecountry, aswell asresponses given torequests orpetitions submitted byforeign organs
orpersons shall bepresented, through thecompetent Minister, totheForeign Minister.
(3) Incaseofdoubt, thecompetent Minister shall make astatement inagreement with theForeign
Minister onthegranting oftherequest made orpetition submitted byaforeign organ orperson.
13Paragraph (2)ofSection 9isthetextestablished bySection 23ofActNo.XXof1991.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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CHAPTER III
Proceedings ofFirst Instance
Initiation oftheProceedings
Section 13
(1) Thestate administrative procedure isinitiated attherequest of,orfollowing anannouncement
ordeclaration made bytheclient (further on:petition), orinthelineofduties ofthepublic administrative
organ (exofficio ).Thesuperior authority mayorder thepublic administrative organ toinitiate orcontinue
theproceedings.
(2) Incases specified bylaw, theclient shall benotified oftheinitiation ofproceedings. The
initiation ofproceedings thatconcern numerous people shall bemade public.
Section 14
(1) Theclient may withdraw his/her request concerning theinitiation ofproceedings until the
resolution becomes legally valid. Insuch cases thepublic administrative organ shall discontinue the
proceedings, unless theproceedings canbeinitiated alsoexofficio ,inwhich casethepublic administrative
organwillcontinuethem.Thestayofproceedingsshallbecommunicatedtothepartiesnotifiedaccording
toparagraph (2)ofSection 13,whereas thecontinuation ofproceedings shall becommunicated tothe
client.
(2) Ifthecircumstance necessitating theinitiation orcontinuation oftheproceedings instituted or
conducted exofficio nolonger exists, thepublic administrative organ shall discontinue theproceedings
andnotify allthose who, according toparagraph (2)ofSection 13,have been notified oftheinstitution
oftheproceedings.
Time-limit forTransaction ofAffairs
Section 15
(1)14Theresolution onthemerits ofthecaseshall bepassed inthirty days from thedateofsubmitting
thepetition orfrom thedatewhen theproceedings were instituted exofficio .Time-limits shorter than
thatmay befixed byanyruleoflaw, while time-limits longer than thatmay only besetbyanAct
ofParliament, alaw-decree oragovernment decree.
(2) Decisionsinindividualstateadministrativeproceduresfallingwithinthecompetenceofacorporate
body shall bepassed within thetime-limit specified inparagraph (1)or,ifthisisnotpossible, atthe
next board meeting atthelatest.
(3) When thisisjustified, thehead ofthepublic administrative organ acting inthegiven matter
may prolong thetime-limit bymaximum thirty days, onasingle occasion. Iftheproceedings were
instituted onrequest, theclient shall benotified ofthatfact.
14Astoitsimplementation seeGovernment Decree No.136/1994 (X.26.).G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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Petitions
Section 16
(1) Instate administrative matters, petitions may besubmitted tothepublic administrative organ
inword orinwriting. Itmay berequired byaruleoflawthatclients submit their petition onaform
introduced forthatpurpose.
(2) Theannexes specified bytherelevant ruleoflawmust beenclosed tothepetition. Clients
must notbeasked toproduce datathattherecords ofthegiven public administrative organ, established
under andrequired bythelaw, must contain (Section 27,paragraph (3)).
(3) Petitions shall bejudged onthebasis oftheir content. Thetransaction ofagiven affair must
notberefused justbecause itsdesignation does notagree with itscontent.
(4) Private persons may submit their petitions ontheinitiation ofproceedings offirstinstance -
besides thecompetent public administrative organ authorized toconduct thegiven proceedings -also
tothenotary ofthemunicipality having jurisdiction oftheclient 'sdomicile orplace ofwork.
Record
Section 17
(1) Ifrequested bytheclient orifitisotherwise necessary intheinterest oftheproceedings, minutes
shall bedrawn upandsimultaneously anaudio recording shall bemade (further on:records) ofverbal
petitions, hearings ofclients, witnesses andexperts, inspections andtrials.
(2)15Therecord shall contain thename ofthepublic administrative organ proceeding inthematter,
theplace andtime ofdrawing upormaking therecord, thepersonal identification data andaddress
oftheperson given ahearing, thewarning tohisrights andliabilities, theessential declarations and
statements concerning thegiven case, and-iftheminutes aredrawn upinwriting -thesignature of
theperson given ahearing, theofficial incharge andtherecorder (keeper oftheminutes).
(3) Norecord needs tobemade ofverbal petitions iftherequest isimmediately complied with
bythepublic administrative organ. Inthatcase, itissufficient tomake anote ofperformance onthe
document itself orenter itintherecords, asrequired bytherules concerning thetransaction ofthegiven
matter.
(4) Ifnorecord isdrawn up,anoteshall bemade oftheproceedings listed inparagraph (1).That
note shall contain thedata specified inparagraph (2)andtheessence ofthedeclarations made.
Representation
Section 18
(1) Unless aruleoflawdirects thattheclient hastoactinperson, his/her legal representative or
attorney may alsoproceed onhis/her behalf.
15Paragraph (2)ofSection 17isthetextestablished byParagraph (1),Section 40ofActNo.LXVI of1992.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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(2) Iftheclient does notactinperson, thepublic administrative organ may examine whether the
person proceeding onhis/her behalf isentitled torepresent him/her. Rules oflawmaysetspecific formal
requirements forattesting thetitleofrepresentation.
(3) Thepublic administrative organ willreject action byanattorney whoisnotsuitable foracting
asrepresentative orwho fails toattest his/her titleofrepresentation.
(4) Forclients who arestaying inanunknown place orwho areunable toproceed inthegiven
matter ontheir own -ifthey donothave alegal representative orattorney -thepublic guardianship
authority shall appoint aguardian adlitem.
(5) Thedocumentsshallbedeliveredtotheclient,or-iftheclienthasalegalrepresentative,guardian
adlitem orattorney authorized inwriting -tothese latter parties. Writs ofsummons, however, should
beserved upon theparty summoned, bysimultaneous notification ofhis/her representative.
Exclusion
Section 19
(1) Public servants shall nottake partinhandling their own affairs.
(2) Public servants whohave taken partinpassing aresolution onamatter inlower (first) instance,
aswell aspersons who have testified oracted asexperts onthematter inlower (first) instance, shall
notparticipate indecision-making onthemerits ofthecase onahigher level.
(3) Persons who cannot beexpected topass anunbiased judgement onthematter shall nottake
partintheproceedings.
(4) Public servants shall inform thehead ofthepublic administrative organ ofanyreason for
exclusion thatmayexist inconnection with their participation intheproceedings. Reasons forexclusion
may bereported alsobytheclient. Itisthehead ofthepublic administrative organ who shall make
adecision incases ofexclusion andsimultaneously designate anofficial tohandle thegiven matter.
(5)16Ifareason forexclusion arises inthecase ofthehead ofapublic administrative organ, the
mayor, themayor ofthecapital, thenotary, thechief notary ofthecapital, thehead ofadistrict office
ofatown ofcounty rank, orapublic servant employed bythemayor 'soffice, thepublic servant or
authority designated bythesuperior authority shall actinthegiven case, unless aruleoflawdirects
otherwise.
(6) Thepublic administrative organ shall nottake partinhandling itsown affairs.
(7) Therules ofexclusion shall beadequately applied against themembers orhead ofthecorporate
body proceeding inastate administrative procedure.
16Paragraph (5)ofSection 19isthetextestablished bySection 26ofActNo.XXof1991.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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Contribution oftheSpecial Authority
Section 20
Aruleoflawmay require thatbefore passing adecision theapproval ofsome other public
administrative organ (further on:special authority) beobtained. Unless aruleoflawdirects otherwise,
thepublic administrative organ entitled topass adecision onthemerits ofthecase shall send aletter
ofrequest tothespecial authority.
Section 21
(1) Unless aruleoflawdirects otherwise, thespecial authority must give effect totheletter of
request within fifteen days. Aspecific daymay alsobeappointed asthetime-limit ofperformance.
(2) Ifthespecial authority fails tomake adeclaration within theprescribed time-limit oronthe
dayfixed, itshall betaken asifithasgiven itsconsent, except ifonthedayfixed ithasasked afurther
eight-day extension ofthetime formaking adeclaration.
Summons
Section 22
(1) Thepublic administrative organ may obligate persons, towhom thesaidorgan considers it
necessary togive ahearing during theproceedings, toappear before thepublic administrative organ
orinadesignated place before thedayfixed orwithin aspecified time-limit. Clients may notbe
obligated toappear inaprocedure which hasbeen initiated bythemselves.
(2) Thesummons must usually beserved sothatthesummoned person shall receive itatleast five
days before thehearing, andappearance atthehearing should, asfaraspossible, notimpede the
summoned person intheperformance ofhis/her work.
Section 23
(1) Thesummons shall state thematter andthecapacity (client, witness, etc.) inwhich thepublic
administrative organ wishes togive ahearing tothesummoned person. Thesummoned person shall
bewarned oftheconsequences ofhis/her failure toattend thehearing.
(2) Summoning may bemade inwriting orbytelephone. Ifsummoning ismade bytelephone,
awritten record shall bemade ofit.
(3) Ifapublic servant obligates aperson attending theproceedings toappear atanother date, records
thisfactonthedocument andhasitsigned bythesummoned person, thisshall have thesame legal
force asawritofsummons.
(4) Thepublic administrative organ may summon toitsseatprivate persons residing orstaying
outside itsseatonly ifthisisrequired byaruleoflaworrequested bytheprivate persons themselves,
oriftheperson tobegiven ahearing canreach theseatofthepublic administrative organ proceeding
inthematter more easily than he/she cangettothepublic administrative organ oflowest grade atthe
seatofwhich he/she isresiding orstaying. Itisthislatter public administrative organ which shall be
sentaletter ofrequest with aview tothegiven person 'shearing.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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(5)17Thehead ofthepublic administrative organ operating inthecapital orthatofthedistrict office
ofatown ofcounty rank may summon persons from theentire areaofthecapital ortown ofcounty
rank, respectively.
(6) Members ofthearmed forces, armed organizations andpolice shall besummoned inwriting,
through theproper headquarters.
Section 24
(1) Thesummoned person isobliged tocomply with thesummons.
(2) Ifthesummoned person failstocomply withthesummons orleaves theplace oftheproceedings
without permission before thehearing, without offering anadequate excuse forhis/her absence orleave,
he/she may befined Ft1,000.
(3) Ifthesummoned person failstoappear even toarepeated summons andfailstooffer anexcuse
forhis/her absenteeism, he/she may bebrought inwith thehelp ofthepolice. Unless aruleoflaw
directs otherwise, thepublic prosecutor 'sapproval isrequired fortheimplementation ofthiscompulsory
attendance. Thepublic prosecutor 'sapproval mayberequested bythehead ofthepublic administrative
organ proceeding thematter.
(4) Ifamember ofthearmed forces, armed organizations orpolice hastobebrought in,thismust
bedone bysending aletter ofrequest totheproper headquarters.
(5) Ifthesummoned person offers ajustifiable excuse forhis/her absenteeism orleave, thedecision
levying afineorthewritofattachment must bewithdrawn.
(6) Inthecaseofasummons requiring immediate appearance orthatmade bytelephone, nofine
may belevied ontheperson who fails toappear, normay his/her compulsory attendance beordered.
(7) Iftherepresentative ofalegal entity orsome other organization without alegal entity fails
toappear after having received awritofsummons, andthehead ofthelegal entity (other organization)
refuses togive thename oftherepresentative when called upon todoso,afineofupto1,000 Ftmay
beimposed onthehead inquestion.
Notice
Section 25
Iftheclient cannot besummoned onthebasis ofparagraph (1),Section 22,orifthepublic
administrative organ does notconsider itnecessary tosummon theclient, thepublic administrative organ
shall send anotice totheclient, informing him/her about thehearing ofwitnesses andexperts, the
inspection andthetrial, notifying him/her thathe/she may, butisnotobliged to,attend thesaidhearing
(inspection, trial).
17Paragraph (5)ofSection 23isthetextestablished bySection 27ofActNo.XXof1991.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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Statements ofFacts
Section 26
(1) Thepublic administrative organ shall state thefacts ofthecasewhich arenecessary forpassing
adecision. Iftheavailable data isinsufficient forthis, aprocedure toproduce evidence must be
conducted either exofficio oronrequest.
(2) Facts which areofpublic knowledge orofficially known tothepublic administrative organ
need notbeproved.
(3) Principal means ofevidence: client 'sdeclaration, documents, testimony, inspection andexpert
opinion.
(4) Thepublic administrative organ shall evaluate theevidence onebyoneandintotality, andstates
thefacts ofthecase according toitsbestconviction based upon theevidence.
TheClient 'sDeclaration
Section 27
(1) Theclient hastheright tomake adeclaration, either verbally orinwriting, inthecourse of
theproceedings, andhe/she isalsoentitled torefuse tomake astatement. Iftheclient fails tomake
astatement orrefuses togive thedatarequested, thepublic administrative organ shall passadecision
onthebasis oftheavailable data, orshall staytheproceedings. Theclient must bewarned ofthisfact.
(2) Before giving ahearing toclients, thepublic servant isobliged tosupply theclients with the
necessary information andtowarn them oftheir rights andliabilities. Inthecourse oftheproceedings
thepublic administrative organ shall make surethattheclient suffers nodisadvantage whatever because
ofignorance oftherules oflaw.
(3)18Thepublic administrative organ shall notrequest theclient tocommunicate datathattherecords
ofthegiven public administrative organ, established under andrequired bythelaw,must contain. This
ruleshall beapplied forthedatacontained intherecords instituted atthemayor 'soffice byaruleof
law,intheproceedings conducted bythemayor, themayor ofthecapital, thenotary, thechief notary
andthepublic servants employed bythemayor 'soffice.
(4) Onaclient orclient 'srepresentative who, inbadfaith, states anuntrue factofsubstantial
importance tothegiven matter, afineofuptofivethousand (Ft5,000) maybeimposed. Thepenalizing
decision may berevoked iftheclient reveals theuntrue statement thathe/she hasmade.
Documents
Section 28
(1) Inorder tostate thefacts ofacase, thepublic administrative organ may invite theclient to
present adocument orsome other file,ormay send aletter ofrequest tosome other organ tothisend
(Section 10).
18Paragraph (3)ofSection 27isthetextestablished bySection 24ofActNo.XXof1991.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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(2) Unless aruleoflawdirects otherwise, theclient isallowed tomake adeclaration about the
factthathe/she wishes toprove, instead ofpresenting adocument which isexcessively difficult toobtain.
(3) Theprovisions regarding documents shall apply toallobjects which record data, usually by
technical orchemical means (photographs, films, audio recordings, magnetic disks, magnetic tapes etc.).
Witnesses
Section 29
(1) Facts relevant tothecase may alsobeproved byawitness.
(2) Theperson called inevidence isobliged toappear atthehearing and-with theexceptions stated
inpoint (b),paragraph (3)andinparagraphs (4)and(5)-totestify.
(3) Thefollowing persons cannot bebrought forward aswitness:
(a) persons who cannot beexpected tobear testimony which could beused asevidence;
(b) onfacts qualified asstate secret, service secret oroccupational secret, persons whohave
notbeen granted anexemption from theobligation ofsecrecy bytheorgan orperson
authorized todothat.
(4) Thegiving ofevidence may berefused ifthewitness isarelative ofanyoftheclients.
(5) Thegiving ofevidence may berefused onmatters inwhich thewitness, bygiving evidence,
would accuse himself/herself orhis/her relative ofhaving committed acrime.
Section 30
(1) Atthebeginning ofthehearing theidentity ofthewitness must beestablished. Thewitness
shall make adeclaration onhis/her relations with theclients andstate whether he/she isunbiased towards
them. Thewitness shall bewarned ofhis/her rights andliabilities andoftheconsequences ofcommitting
perjury.
(2) Witnesses who have nottestified yetusually must notbepresent atthehearing oftheclient
orofother witnesses.
(3) Ifthepublic administrative organ hears thewitness outoftrial, therules oftrialmust beapplied
tothehearing asapplicable.
Inspection
Section 31
(1) Aninspection (survey) may beordered tostate thefacts ofthecase. During thatinspection,
(a) theowner oftheobject tobeinspected may beobligated topresent thesaidobject;
(b) alocal inspection (examination ofthespot) may beconducted.
(2) Should theprior notification orsummoning ofthose concerned endanger thesuccess oftheG/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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inspection, theordering oftheinspection shall becommunicated tothose concerned verbally, before
theinspection isbegun.
(3) Theowner oftheobject tobeinspected mayrefuse presenting theobject ofinspection ifhe/she
isbound bytheobligation ofsecrecy (Point (b),paragraph (3),Section 29)concerning thegiven object
ofinspection, andifhe/she hasnotbeen exempted from thatobligation.
Expert
Section 32
(1) Anexpert must becalled inevidence ifspecial expertise isrequired forstating afactorother
circumstance material tothegiven case, orifexpert testimony isrequired byaruleoflaw.
(2) Either anemployee ofthepublic administrative organ proceeding inthecase -who hasthe
required expertise -shall bedrawn intotheproceedings toactasexpert, ortheorganization specified
bytherelevant ruleoflawshall beconsulted. Ifthepublic administrative organ proceeding inthe
case does nothave anemployee who would possess theexpertise required forpassing adecision on
thespecial matter, some other organization orpanel ofexperts shall beconsulted. Whenever thisis
justified, aperson possessing therequired expertise may bedesignated directly toactasexpert. The
client alsomay propose aperson toactasexpert.
(3) Ontheclient 'srequest, thepublic administrative organ may designate -either before orafter
receiving theoriginal expert 'sopinion -anexpert other thantheexpert originally appointed, provided
thatthecosts oftheexpert aremetandpaid inadvance bytheclient.
Section 33
(1) Persons forwhom areason forexclusion (Section 19)exists, whocannot becalled inevidence
asawitness, orwho canrefuse totestify (Section 29,paragraphs (3)-(4)) shall notactasexpert.
(2) Theexpert shall beprovided with allthedatathathe/she needs forperforming his/her duties.
Inorder toensure this, theexpert may inspect thedocuments ofthecase andmay bepresent atthe
hearing oftheclient andthewitness, thatattheinspection andatthetrial, andhe/she mayputquestions
totheclient andthewitness. Onthebasis ofaruleoflawtheclient may beobligated toparticipate
intheexpert 'sinvestigation.
(3) Before theexpert gives his/her opinion, he/she shall bewarned oftheconsequences ofgiving
afalse opinion.
(4) Ifthepublic administrative organ hears theexpert outofsessions, therules oftrials shall be
applied tothehearing asapplicable.
Interpreter
Section 34
(1) Ifduring theproceedings aforeign language isused -andifthepublic servant incharge of
thecase does notspeak thatlanguage -theservices ofaninterpreter shall bemade useof.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 15
(2) Ifadeaf, mute ordeaf-mute person participates inthestateadministrative procedure, theservices
ofaninterpreter shall bemade useof.
(3) Theprovisions concerning theexpert shall alsoapply totheinterpreter asapplicable.
Consequences ofRefusal toGive Evidence andtoActasExpert, andofImpeding theInspection
Section 35
(1) If,after having been warned oftheconsequences, thewitness, theexpert oftheowner ofthe
object ofinspection refuses totestify, cooperate, giveexpert opinion orpresent theobject ofinspection
without offering anacceptable excuse fordoing so,afineofuptoFt1,000 maybeimposed onhim/her.
(2) Thedecision imposing afinemay berevoked if-after therefusal -thewitness testifies, the
expert performs his/her duties andtheowner oftheobject ofinspection meets his/her responsibilities.
(3) Theperson impeding theon-site inspection orrefusing toparticipate intheexpert investigation
maybefined aslaiddown inparagraphs (1)and(2).Acts ofParliament, law-decrees19orgovernment
decrees may allow theuseofother means ofcoercion, too.
Trial
Section 36
(1) Thepublic administrative organ shall conduct atrialifthisisrequired byaruleoflaw, orif
acollective hearing ofthepersons participating intheproceedings isnecessary forstating thefacts
ofthecase.
(2) Atthetrial, thepublic administrative organ gives ahearing totheclient, thewitness andthe
expert, anditinspects theobject ofinspection.
(3) Theclient andhis/her representative may comment onwhat hasbeen saidatthetrial, may put
questions totheperson heard, orpropose thatother persons becalled inevidence orthatother evidence
beproduced.
(4) Persons who disturb thetrialshall becalled toorder bytheofficial presiding over thetrial.
Ifthey cause repeated orserious disturbance, theofficial presiding over thetrialshall order them to
leave theroom andimpose onthem afineofuptoFt1,000. Against members ofthearmed forces,
armed organizations orthepolice -iftheofficial presiding over thetrial considers itinsufficient to
impose afine-disciplinary proceedings may beinstituted.
Suspension oftheProceedings
Section 37
(1) Ifpassing adecision onthemerits ofacase depends ontheprevious judgement ofamatter
inwhich some other organ iscompetent toproceed, thepublic administrative organ may suspend the
proceedings. Iftheclient isentitled toinstitute theproceedings before theother organ mentioned above,
he/she shall beinvited todoso,bysetting asuitable time-limit. Should theclient failtocomply with
19The"law-decree" asasource oflawnolonger exists.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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thisrequest, thepublic administrative organ shall either staytheproceedings orpass decision onthe
basis oftheavailable data.
(2) Theterm ofsuspension shall notbereckoned inthetime available forsettling thematter.
(3) Thedecision ordering thesuspension ofproceedings isappealable.
Agreement
Section 38
(1) Ifaruleoflawsodirects, orifitispermitted bythenature ofthegiven matter, thepublic
administrative organ shall attempt toreach anagreement before passing adecision.
(2) Iftheagreement conforms totherelevant rules oflawanddoes nothurtthelawful interest
oftheparties orothers, thepublic administrative organ shall assent totheagreement ordraw itupin
adecision; intheopposite case, itshall continue theproceedings.
Reckoning oftheTerm (Deadline)
Section 39
(1) Thedayofcommunication anddelivery, thatofputting upandremoving thenotice, andthe
duration oftheproceedings conducted bythespecial authority (Section 21)shall notbereckoned in
theterm given indays.
(2) Ifthelastdayoftheterm isadaywhich iskeptasaholiday atthepublic administrative organ,
theterm shall expire onthefirstworking dayafter thesaidholiday.
(3) Inthecase ofpetitions sent bymail, thedayofposting shall beregarded asthetime of
submission.
(4) Incase ofdoubt, thedeadline shall beregarded ashaving been kept.
Excuses
Section 40
(1) Persons who failed toappear onthedaysetasdeadline orhave failed tokeep thedeadline
maysubmit arequest forjustification totheorgan proceeding inthematter. Therequest forjustification
shall bejudged anddecided upon bythepublic administrative organ during theproceedings ofwhich
theomission ordefault occurred.
(2) Requests forjustification may besubmitted within eight days asfrom thedaysetasdeadline
orfrom thelastdayofthedeadline notkept. Iftheclient obtained knowledge ofthedefault orthe
hindrance ceased toexist only later, theterm ofdeadline shall bereckoned from thedayofobtaining
knowledge orthecessation ofhindrance.
(3) Requests forjustification maybesubmitted forsixmonths asfrom thedayofdeadline notkept
orfrom thelastdayoftheterm missed.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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(4) Ifadeadlineisnotkept,theomissionshallberectifiedsimultaneouslywithsubmittingtherequest
forjustification.
(5) Ifthepublic administrative organ accedes totherequest forjustification, itshall continue the
proceedings and-depending ontheresults oftheproceedings -keep inforce, modify orrevoke its
earlier decision.
(6) Thedecision rejecting therequest forjustification isappealable only iftherequest isaimed
atobtaining justification fornotkeeping atime forappeal.
Inspection ofDocuments
Section 41
(1) Theclient andhis/her representative mayinspect, andmake copies of,thedocuments generated
inthecourse oftheproceedings.
(2) Inaddition totheclient andhis/her representative, thepublic administrative organ allows also
other persons (representatives oforgans) toinspect andmake copies ofthedocuments, iftheycanprove
thattheknowledge ofthecontent ofdocuments isnecessary forenforcing their rights orperforming
their duties.
(3) Inspection oftheminutes drawn upatconsultations orvoting, draft resolutions anddocuments
containing state secrets orservice secrets must notbeallowed. Inspection orcopying ofdocuments
which serve asabasis ofadecision onthemerits ofacase must notbeprohibited under thepretext
thatthey contain aservice secret.
CHAPTER IV
Resolutions Passed bythePublic Administrative Organ
Form andContent oftheResolutions
Section 42
(1) Thepublic administrative organ passes resolutions onboth themerits ofcases andonquestions
tobedecided inthecourse oftheproceedings.
(2) Inproceedings initiated attheclient 'srequest -incases specified byrules oflaw-thelegal
consequencesoftheresolutionentertainingtheapplicationshallbeappliedalsoifthepublicadministrative
organ didnotrefuse granting therequest within thespecified deadline.
Section 43
(1) Theresolution must contain:
(a) thename ofthepublic administrative organ proceeding inthecase, thename andaddress
(seat) oftheclient, thenumber ofthecase, itssubject-matter andthename ofthepublic
servant handling it;G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 18
(b) theenacting partoftheresolution shall contain thedecision ofthepublic administrative
organ, aswell asinformation onthepossibility oflodging anappeal andofjudicial
revision;
(c) the"reasons" partoftheresolution shall contain thefacts ofthecaseasstated andthe
evidence onwhich itisbased; theproduction ofevidence offered bytheclient but
disregarded, with thereasons fornon-observance; thename ofthespecial authorities
thathave proceeded inthecase, andtherules oflawonthebasis ofwhich thepublic
administrative organ hasadopted theresolution;
(d) theplace andtime ofpassing theresolution, thename andofficial position ofthe
signatory oftheresolution, andthestamp ofthepublic administrative organ.
(2) Intheabsence ofanadverse party, the"reasons" partoftheresolution offirstinstance granting
therequest, andthatoftheresolution containing anagreement orapproval may beomitted. From the
resolution offirstinstance granting therequest theinformation onlegal remedies mayalsobeomitted.
(3) Theresolution shall beformulated onaseparate sheet, taken down onrecord orwritten on
thedocument. Theresolution must bedrawn uponaseparate sheet ifitistobeserved upon theclient
orif,attheclient 'srequest, thedeclared resolution istobesenttotheclient.
(4) Intheresolution taken down onrecord orwritten onthedocument thedataspecified inpoints (a)
and(b)ofparagraph (1)need notbeindicated, provided thatthey appear from thedocument.
(5) Aruleoflawmayrequire thatthepublic administrative organ issues itsresolution onadocument
form designed specifically forthatpurpose.
Section 44
(1) Iftheresolution contains anobligation, aterm ordeadline forperformance shall beset.
(2) Theresolution may alsostate partperformance.
Communication oftheResolutions
Section 45
(1) Theresolution shall becommunicated byservice. Iftheclient ispresent, theresolution may
alsoberead tohim/her, unless thisisprohibited byaruleoflaw.
(2) Ifsodirected byaruleoflaw, theresolution may alsobecommunicated bypromulgation or
exhibition inpublic.
(3) Inthecase ofpublic danger, life-danger ortheriskofsubstantial orirreparable damage the
resolution may becommunicated also bymeans oftelecommunication. The date andtime of
communication shall berecorded onthedocument.
(4) Theresolution shall besentorinformation about itshall beprovided, theorgan (person) specified
bytherelevant rules oflaw, aswell astothespecial authority thathasproceeded inthecase.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 19
Section 46
(1) Thepromulgation oftheresolution shall betaken down onrecord.
(2) Thepromulgated resolution shall besenttotheclient -ifhe/she sorequests -within eight days.
Section 47
(1) Thedayofcommunicating theresolution shall bethatdayonwhich itwasserved, promulgated,
thedocument exhibited inpublic wasremoved, oronwhich theresolution wascommunicated bymeans
oftelecommunication.
(2) Ondocuments exhibited inpublic both thedayofputting upandthatofremoval shall be
indicated.
Rectification andCompletion oftheResolution
Section 48
(1) Iftheresolution contains erroneous dataconcerning names andnumbers, errors ofcalculation
orother clerical errors ofsimilar nature, thepublic administrative organ may rectify orreplace the
resolution -ifnecessary, after giving ahearing totheclient.
(2) Thepublicadministrativeorganmaycomplementtheresolutioninthelineofitsduties(exofficio)
orattheclient 'srequest, ifitdidnotpass adecision onquestions relevant tothemerits ofthecase.
Thecomplement shall notinvolve other provisions oftheresolution.
(3) Therectification orcomplement shall berecorded alsoontheoriginal andpossible alsoon
theoffice copies ofthebasic resolution, andshall becommunicated totheclient asspecified forthe
basic resolution.
(4) Completion oftheresolution shall notbeallowed ifthiswould violate aright acquired and
exercised ingood faith.
CHAPTER V
Official Certificate, Card andRecords
Section 49
(1) Inthecourse oftheproceedings described inthischapter, theprovisions ofthepresent Act
shall beapplied with thedifferences regulated therein.
(2) Thedocument issued bythepublic administrative organ toattest acertain factorcondition,
theattestation ofthesaidfactorcondition inother similar means, andincorporation intotheofficial
records shall beregarded asaresolution.
(3) Thepublic administrative organ shall pass aresolution ontherefusal ofissuing anofficial
certificate andanofficial card, aswell asontherefusal ofincorporation into theofficial records
(amendment, deletion).G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 20
Official Certificate
Section 50
(1) Fortheattestation ofafact, condition orother data(further on:data) thepublic administrative
organ issues anofficial certificate.
(2) Inaddition tothepublic administrative organs listed inSection 6,anofficial certificate may
alsobeissued bythose public administrative organs:
(a) intheareaofwhich thefacttobeproved hasoccurred orthecondition haslasted or
ceased;
(b) intheareaofwhich thematter relevant totheproduction ofevidence exists, orexisted
intheperiod tobeproved;
(c) therecords ofwhich contain thedata concerned.
(3) Theofficial certificate must beissued inwriting, or,alternatively, aclause may beadded to
thedocument submitted bytheclient, within eight days asfrom thesubmission ofthepetition. The
official certificate must state thename oftheperson towhom ithasbeen issued, thepurpose ofits
issue, andtheevidence onthebasis ofwhich ithasbeen issued.
(4) Intheabsence ofevidence tothecontrary, thecontent oftheofficial certificate must beaccepted
byeveryone.
Section 51
(1) Anofficial certificate may beissued ifthisisrequired byaruleoflaw, oriftheclient proves
thatitisnecessary toissue such acertificate.
(2) Thepublic administrative organ shall refuse toissue anofficial certificate if:
(a) theissue ofsuch acertificate iscontrary tothelaw;
(b) ifthedata tobeproved bytheofficial certificate canbeattested bysome other
document;
(c) iftheclient cannot state thepurpose forwhich he/she requests thecertificate, orifhe/she
asks forthecertification ofanuntrue fact.
Official Card
Section 52
(1)20Incases specified byanActofParliament oradecree ofthelocal authority, thestate
administrative organ issues anofficial card fortheregular attestation oftheclient 'sdata. Theissue
ofanofficial card fortheregular attestation oftheclient 'sdatamay beordered alsobyagovernment
decree.
20Paragraph (1)ofSection 52isthetextestablished byparagraph (2),Section 40ofActNo.LXVI of1992.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 21
(2) Only thedata specified byrules oflawmay beentered intotheofficial card.
(3) Intheabsence ofevidence tothecontrary, thedataandrights specified intheofficial cardmust
beaccepted byeveryone andtheclient cannot beobligated topresent other evidence toprove thesaid
data orrights.
Official Records
Section 5321
(1) Thestate administrative organ shall keep aregister ofthedataspecified byrules oflaw. The
registration ofpersonal dataofcitizens may beprescribed only byanActofParliament orbyadecree
ofthelocal authority onthebasis oftheauthorization granted bylaw, inthescope specified therein.
(2) Thestate administrative organ may impart thepersonal data contained initsrecords andin
thedocuments serving asabasis thereof -inaddition tothose concerned bythem -only totheorgans
andpersons specified inanActofParliament orinadecree ofthelocal authority formulated onthe
basis oftheauthorization granted bylaw, byprecisely stating thepurpose ofdata handling andthe
scope ofdata involved.
CHAPTER VI
Official Checks andInspection
Section 54
(1) Theprovisions ofthisActshall beapplied toofficial inspection with thedifferences regulated
inthischapter.
Section 55
Inorder toimplement thetasks falling within itsjurisdiction, thepubic administrative organ
shall carry outofficial inspection.
Section 56
Theclient shall benotified inadvance oftheofficial inspection, unless suchadvance information
would endanger thesuccess ofinspection. Insuch cases theclient, when present, shall beinformed
byword ofmouth when starting theinspection.
Section 57
(1) Ifthisisnecessary forthesuccess oftheofficial inspection, therepresentatives ofthepublic
administrative organ shall have theright toenter thepremises (area), inspect thedocuments orobjects,
andobserve theworking process (activity) concerned, they may request information from theclient
orhis/her representative, andmay produce evidence inother means.
(2) Iftheofficial inspection isobstructed inanyway, theprovisions ofSection 35shall beduly
applied.
21Section 53isthetextestablished byparagraph (3),Section 40ofActNo.LXVI of1992.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 22
Section 58
Theofficial inspection must becarried outinsuch awaythat, asfaraspossible, itshall not
hinder theclient inperforming his/her work orconducting his/her proper activities.
Section 59
(1) Ifitstates aviolation ofaruleoflaw,thepublic administrative organ shall takethenecessary
measures; especially, itshall:
(a) exercise itsofficial duties aslaiddown inthisAct;
(b) calltheattention oftheclient orthesuperior (interest-representing) body tothebreach
oflawobserved;
(c) apply toanother public administrative organ, requesting ittotake theappropriate
measures;
(d) initiate disciplinary, petty offence, civil, criminal orother procedure.
(2) Thepetitioned organ shall examine therequest ofthepublic administrative organ initsmerits,
andshall notify thepublic administrative organ ofitsown action orofthereasons fordisregard within
thirty days.
CHAPTER VII
Legal Remedies
Section 60
Unless thischapter directs otherwise, intheproceedings regulated herein theprovision of
Chapters II-IV shall beduly applied.
Amendment andRevocation oftheResolution
Section 61
(1) Ifthepublicadministrativeorganstatesthatitsresolution,stillunadjudgedbyasuperiorauthority
orbythecourt, violates aruleoflaw, itshall amend orrevoke thatresolution.
(2) Upon receipt ofanapplication forrelief from theclient, thepublic administrative organ may
amend orrevoke itsresolution ifitagrees with thecontent oftheapplication forrelief, provided that
noadverse party isinvolved inthegiven case.
(3) Thepubic administrative organ isentitled toamend orrevoke theresolution only once, within
oneyearasfrom theresolution isannounced. Thespecial authority maymodify orwithdraw itsconsent
(Section 20)only uptothetime when thepublic administrative organ proceeding inthecase passes
itsresolution.
(4) Theamendment orrevocation oftheresolution may beexcluded ormade subject toaspecial
condition byaruleoflaw.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 23
(5) Amendment orrevocation oftheresolution shall notbeallowed ifthiswould violate aright
acquired andexercised ingood faith.
Appeal
Section 62
(1) Theclient hastheright tolodge anappeal against thedecision ofthefirstinstance, passed on
themerits ofthecase. Persons affected bytheprovisions oftheresolution shall alsohave aright of
appeal.
(2) Unless aruleoflawdirects otherwise, theappeal may belodged within fifteen days asfrom
thepublication oftheresolution.
(3) Unless aspecial appeal isallowed byaruleoflaw, resolutions preceding thedecision onthe
merits ofthecase andstatements issued bythespecial authority may becontested only intheappeal
lodged against theresolution onthemerits ofthecase. Against resolutions imposing afineanappeal
lies.
(4) Persons having aright ofappeal may waive thatright within thetime forappeal.
Section 63
(1) Theappeal hasdelaying force asregards theimplementation oftheresolution, unless thepublic
administrative organ hasordered immediate implementation.
(2) Immediate implementation oftheresolution may beordered:
(a) ifthisisnecessary because oflife-danger orforpublic safety, oriftheomission of
immediate implementation would involve asubstantial lossorirreparable damage;
(b) iftheresolution contains provisions astothemaintenance orcare ofsomeone;
(c) ifthisisrendered possible byanActofParliament, alaw-decree oragovernment decree
forsome other important reason.
(3) Immediate implementation shall bespecifically stated intheresolution andreasons foritshall
beprovided therein.
Section 64
Noappeal shall lieiftheGovernment oramember oftheGovernment hasacted inthefirst
instance, orifaruleoflawexcludes theright ofappeal inacase because applications foralteration
orrevocation oftheresolution shall besubmitted tothecourt.
Section 65
(1) Theappeal shall belodged with thepublic administrative organ which haspassed theresolution
tobecontested. Theappeal must contain new facts andevidence.
(2) Theappeal, together with alldocuments ofthecase, shall bepresented tothehigher authority
within eight days asfrom theexpiration ofthedeadline, unless thepublic administrative organ revokes
thecontested resolution ormodifies, amends orcompletes itasrequested intheappeal.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 24
Section 66
(1) Theresponsibility ofjudging theappeal lieswith thesuperior public administrative organ.
(2) Thesuperior authority shall examine theresolution contested byanappeal andtheprocedure
preceding thepassing ofthatresolution, irrespective ofwhohaslodged theappeal andforwhat reason.
Asaresult ofitsinvestigation itaffirms, alters orannuls theresolution.
(3) Failing datasufficient forpassing aresolution onthemerits ofthecaseoriffurther elucidation
ofthefacts ofthecaseisneeded, thesuperior authority shall annul theresolution andshall either order
thepublic administrative organ acting inthefirstinstance toinstitute newproceedings, ortakeaction
itself tohave thefacts ofthecase supplemented.
Section 67
Theresolution passed during theappellate procedure shall becommunicated inwriting -through
thepublic administrative organ thathasproceeded inthefirstinstance -totheappellant andtoallthose
who have been notified oftheresolution offirstinstance.
Application forReview
Sections 68-7022
Supervisory Measures
Section 71
(1) Ifaresolution passed bythepublic administrative organ contravenes aruleoflaw,thesuperior
public administrative organ mayalter orannul thatresolution, andmaydirect thepublic administrative
organ thathasacted inthecasetoinstitute newproceedings. Thesuperior public administrative organ
shall have these powers alsoifaspecial authority -through itssuperior authority -lodges acomplaint
because ofthenon-observance ofitsconsent, within fifteen days asfrom thereceipt oftheresolution
(Section 45,paragraph (4)).
(2) Theresolution may notbealtered orannulled:
(a) ifithasbeen revised bythecourt;
(b) ifalteration orannulment oftheresolution would violate aright acquired andexercised
ingood faith;
(c) ifoneyear haselapsed since theresolution became legally valid;
(d) ifthisisexcluded ormade subject toacondition byaruleoflaw.23
22Sections 68-70 have been abrogated byparagraph (4),Section 15ofActNo.XXVI of1991.
23SeePoint 2oftheGovernment Decree No.1029/1992 (V.14.).G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 25
Judicial Revision ofAdministrative Resolutions
Section 7224
(1) With reference toaviolation ofthelegal regulations, theclient, ortheaggrieved party whose
lawful interests have been prejudiced, may-unless anActofParliament directs otherwise -commence
anaction forthejudicial revision ofaresolution passed onthemerits ofanadministrative matter, within
thirty days asfrom thepublication oftheresolution.
(2) Judicial revision ofanadministrative resolution maytakeplace only iftheclient hasexhausted
his/her right ofappeal inthestate administrative procedure, orifanappeal does notlie.
(3) Submission ofastatement ofclaim hasdelaying force regarding theimplementation ofthe
resolution; however, thepublic administrative organ maydeclare itsresolution immediately enforceable
with regard tothepublic interest orarelevant interest oftheclient. Theparty may apply forastay
ofexecution inhis/her statement ofclaim.
(4) Nojudicial revision ofadministrative resolutions isadmissible:
(a) ifthisisexcluded byanActofParliament;
(b) iftheresolution furthers theenforcement ofalegally valid court decision;
(c) iftheresolution isoftemporary nature andafinal decision hastobepassed within
aterm specified byaruleoflaw;
(d) iftheadministrative resolution hasbeen passed ontheauthorization offoreign trade
ingoods, services andrights ofmaterial value;
(e) iftheadministrative resolution contains provisions regarding themanufacture and
distribution offirearms; ammunition, explosives, radiating matter ornarcotic drugs;
(f)25iftheadministrative resolution orders theappearance ofpersons liable tomilitary service
before therecruiting commission, atamedical examination, fortheevaluation of
applications forunarmed military service orcivil service (retention inreserved
occupation), orforsome other reason;
(g) if,inthecase ofcivil service, theadministrative resolution contains provisions asto
thedesignation ofemployer, thenotice tocommence thecivil service, theretention
inmilitary service or,inthecaseofmobilization, draft deferment (retention inreserved
occupation);
(h) iftheadministrative resolution contains provisions ontheobligatory performance of
civil defence service;
(i) iftheadministrative resolution contains provisions astothedefence ofthenational
frontiers.
24Section 72isthetextestablished bySection 3ofActNo.XXVI of1991.
25Points (f)-(g) ofparagraph (4),Section 72contain thetextestablished bySection 262ofActNo.CXof
1993.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 26
Section 73
(1)26When stating aviolation oftherules oflaw,thecourt shall setaside theadministrative resolution
and, ifnecessary, obligate thepublic administrative organ toinstitute new proceedings. AnActof
Parliament may provide thatthecourt may alter theadministrative resolution.
(2) After thecourt haspassed adecision onthemerits ofthecase, thepublic administrative organ
shall notinstitute new proceedings inthesame case ifthefacts ofthecase arethesame.
(3) Theprovisions ofthecourt decision anditsreasons arebinding onthepublic administrative
organ, which must takeintoconsideration thecontent ofthesaiddecision during therepeated proceedings
andinthedecision-making.
Measures taken bytheAttorney
Section 74
(1) Theattorney 'sprotest, objection, warning andother measures taken bytheattorney inastate
administrative procedure shall begoverned bytheActontheState Attorney 'sOffice oftheRepublic
ofHungary.27
Nullity
Section 75
(1) Intheproceedings regulated inthischapter, theresolution passed bythepublic administrative
organ shall beannulled irrespective oftherights acquired andexercised ingood faith.
(a) ifthecase falls within thejurisdiction ofanorgan other than apublic administrative
organ;
(b) ifanemployee ofthepublic administrative organ, who hasproceeded inthecase, has
committed abreach ofduty inamanner which iscontrary tothePenal Code, andthis
hasinfluenced theresolution passed bythepublic administrative organ, provided that
thecommission ofcrime hasbeen stated byanon-appealable judgement, orthatthe
passing ofsuch ajudgement isprevented byfactors other than thelack ofevidence.
(2) Theresolution passed bythepublic administrative organ cannot beannulled according to
paragraph 1ifatleast 3years have elapsed since theresolution entered intolegal effect.
CHAPTER VIII
Execution
Section 76
During theenforcement procedure, theprovisions ofthisActshall beapplied withthedifferences
regulated inthisChapter.
26Paragraphs (1)and(3)ofSection 73contain thetextestablished bySection 4ofActNo.XXVI of1991.
27SeeActNo.Vof1972.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 27
Enforceable resolutions
Section 77
(1) Theresolution offirstinstance ofthepublic administrative organ shall beconsidered legally
binding andenforceable ifnoappeal hasbeen lodged against itduring thetime forappeal, theright
ofappeal waswaived, orifappeal isexcluded bythisAct.
(2) Those resolutions offirstinstance theimmediate implementation ofwhich hasbeen ordered
bythepublic administrative organ may alsobeenforced.
(3)28Theresolution ofsecond instance passed inthegiven caseshall come intoforce after itismade
public. Non-appealable resolutions may beimplemented unless they areopen tojudicial review.
(4) Ifthepublic administrative organ hassetadeadline orterm ofaccomplishment, theresolution
willbecome enforceable only after thatdeadline hasexpired.
(5) Unless otherwise provided byaruleoflaw, injustified cases thepublic administrative organ
which haspassed theresolution may extend theterm ofaccomplishment orsetalater deadline.
Issue ofanExecution Warrant
Section 78
(1) Unless otherwise provided byaruleoflaw,implementation oftheresolution shall beordered
bythepublic administrative organ which hasproceeded inthecase infirstinstance.
(2) Inthecaseofproceedings conducted inthelineofitsduties (exofficio ),thepublic administrative
organ shall immediately order theimplementation oftheresolution. Inother cases, attherequest of
theparty entitled, itorders thattheresolution beimplemented within 15days.
Collection ofMoney Owing
Section 79
(1)29Iftheresolution orders thepayment ofmoney andtheprivate person obligated topayfails to
comply with it,thepublic administrative organ which hasproceeded infirstinstance shall invite the
obligor'semployer(theorganpayinghis/heremoluments)todeducttheamountspecifiedintheresolution
fortheobligor 'swage, allowances orclaims -inthecase ofcooperative members, from thepaydue
tohim/her onthebasis ofthelegal relationship having thenature oflabour relations -(further on:
wage) andtransfer orpayittotheparty entitled toit.
(2) Ifanimmediate attachment ofdebts isnotpossible, orifithasnotbeen successful orwould
require anexcessive amount oftimetosucceed, theobligor 'sother chattels -inaddition tohis/her wages -
must also bedrawn under distraint. Insuch cases execution shall belevied bythetaxauthorities
according tothegeneral rules ofthetaxadministration procedure.30
28Paragraph (3)ofSection 77isthetextestablished bySection 5ofActNo.XXVI of1991.
29Paragraph (1)ofSection 79isthetextestablished byPoint (3),Section 61ofActNo.IIof1992.
30SeeAct.NoXCI of1990.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 28
Section 80
(1) Ifalegal person orsome other organization without alegal entity fails tosettle itsdebt, the
public administrative organ which hasacted infirstinstance -withtheexception stated inparagraph (2)-
shall invite thefinancial institution keeping theobligor 'sbank account totransfer thesaidamount from
theobligor 'saccount ormake itpayable totheparty entitled.
(2) Ifboth theparty entitled andtheobligor arebusiness organizations, after theexpiration ofthe
term ofaccomplishment without success theobligor may collect itsclaim -through afinancial
institution, from thebank account kept thereat -byanimmediate order tocollect.
(3)31Theprovisions ofparagraph (1)shall beapplied toprivate persons subject totheobligation
toenter intoabank account contract, including theprivate persons 'companies without alegal entity.
Execution ofaSpecific Act
Section 81
Iftheexecution isdirected attheperformance ofaspecific act(conveyance ofproperty,
evacuation ofanapartment, etc.) orataspecific conduct (further on:specific act), theexecution shall
belevied bythepublic administrative organ ofthelowest grade inwhose jurisdiction theobligor 's
domicile orseatortheproperty inquestion issituated. Ifnotthepublic administrative organ issuing
theexecution warrant isentitled tolevy execution, thecase shall bereferred totheorgan entitled to
dothat.
Section 82
(1) Themanner ofexecution shall bedetermined bythepublic administrative organ levying the
execution. Thus,
(a) itmayhave thespecific actcarried outattheobligor 'sexpense andrisk, ormayentitle
theobligee tocarry outthespecific actattheobligor 'sexpense andrisk, ortohave
itcarried outbysomeone else; inallthese cases, thepublic administrative organ may
obligate theobligor toadvance theexpenses which arelikely toincur;
(b) attheobligee 'srequest, thepublic administrative organ may obligate theobligor to
paytheequivalent inmoney oftheservice inquestion;
(c) thepublic administrative organ may impose afineofuptoFt10,000 ontheobligor;
(d) thepublic administrative organ mayenforce thespecific actwith thehelpofthepolice;
inorder toenforce thesaidact,thepolice may apply themeans ofcoercion laiddown
intherelevant rules oflaw.
(2) Iftheobligor isalegal person orsome other organization without alegal entity, thefinestated
inpoint (c)ofparagraph (1)shall beimposed ontheperson obliged totakemeasures or,failing such
aperson, onthehead ofthegiven organization.
31Paragraph (3)ofSection 8hasbeen inserted intotheActbySection 5ofLaw-decree No.14of1987.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 29
(3) Iftheobligorhasfailedtomeethis/herobligationbythedeadlinestatedintheresolutionimposing
afine, thefinemay beimposed again.
Section 83
(1) Ofthemeasures listed inSection 82,thepublic administrative organ shall take thatmeasure
which -under theconditions ofthegiven case-canensure with thehighest probability thatthegiven
obligation ismet.
(2) Themeasures listed inSection 82areordered byaresolution issued bythepublic administrative
organ. Resolutions obligating parties tomeet costs ortopayequivalent inmoney orfines areappealable.
Delivery ofSpecific Movable Property
Section 84
(1) Iftheobligor hasbeen obligated tohand outspecific movable property, thepublic administrative
organ oflowest grade, tothejurisdiction ofwhich thegiven movable property belongs, shall hand over
thesaidproperty totheobligee present, orshall seetoitthatthemovable property inquestion isdelivered
totheaddress oftheparty entitled.
(2) Iftheobligor refuses tohand outthespecified movable property, thepublic administrative organ
shall resort tothehelp ofthepolice andshall levy compulsory execution immediately.
(3) Ifthespecific movable property isnotavailable, theparty entitled toitmay request thatthe
money equivalent ofthemovable property bedetermined. Theequivalent inmoney shall bedetermined
bytheorgan levying execution byissuing aresolution, which isappealable. Subsequently theactof
distraining willbeaimed atthecollection ofthatamount.
Stay ofExecution
Section 85
(1) Theorgan issuing theexecution warrant orlevying execution, oritssuperior authority, may -
inthelineofitsduties oronrequest -order thesuspension ofexecution iftheresolution islikely to
bealtered orannulled, orifastayofexecution isjustified bysome equitable reason.
(2) Theactofdistraining canusually besuspended foraperiod ofmaximum thirty days.
Statutory Limitation ofExecution
Section 86
(1) Unless aruleoflawdirects otherwise, execution issubject tothestatue oflimitations within
three years asfrom thetime when theresolution becomes legally valid.
(2) Thestatutory limitation ofexecutions interrupted byanyactofdistraining.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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Execution forSecurity
Section 87
(1) Onthebasis ofalegally valid resolution, thepublic administrative organ mayorder thesecuring
ofthepecuniary claim orthesequestration ofthespecific movable property before theexpiration of
theterm ofaccomplishment. Thismaybedone alsoonthebasis ofaresolution which hasbeen appealed
against, orforwhich thetime forappeal hasnotyetexpired.
(2) Execution forsecurity may beordered only ifthesubsequent performance oftheobligation
islikely tobeinjeopardy.
(3) Execution forsecurity shall bedone inconformity with therules applying toexecution aimed
attheperformance ofanobligation. Astoppage ofwage payment may beordered only iftheobligor
hasnoother distrainable property.
Protest Against Execution
Section 88
(1) With theexceptions mentioned inparagraph (3),paragraph (2)ofSection 83andparagraph (3)
ofSection 84,noappeal liesagainst theresolution passed during execution.
(2) Those whose rights areinfringed upon orwhose lawful interests areprejudiced bythedistraint
may, within three days asfrom acquiring information about theinjury, lodge aprotest with theorgan
levying compulsory execution.
(3) Unless aruleoflawdirects otherwise, theorgan levying compulsory execution shall judge the
protest against execution bypassing aresolution onitimmediately butwithin eight days atthelatest.
This resolution isappealable.
CHAPTER IX
Closing Provisions
Costs ofProceedings
Section 89
(1) Unless aruleoflawdirects otherwise, thecosts ofstate administrative procedure shall bemet
bythestate. Theliability topayduties isgoverned bytherules onduties.32
(2) Theamount ofthecosts ofproceedings shall bedetermined. Thepublic administrative organ
may obligate theclient topaythecosts ofproceedings inadvance.
(3) Ifseveral parties ofidentical interest andliable tomeet thecosts areinvolved intheproceedings,
thecosts shall bedistributed among them proportionally.
32SeeActNo.XCIII of1990.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
Page 31
Exemption from thePayment ofCharges
Section 90
(1) Private persons who -because oftheir income, pecuniary andproperty status -cannot meet
thecosts ofproceedings orapartthereof, may betotally orpartly exempted from payment ofthecosts
ofproceedings bythepublic administrative organ, inorder tofacilitate theenforcement oftheir rights.
Iftheconditions justifying theexemption from payment change, theexemption may bemodified or
withdrawn.
(2) Exemption from payment shall beinterpreted asanexemption from thepayment ofduties and
thecosts ofproceedings.
(3) Exemption from payment shall bevalid fortheentire duration oftheproceedings, starting from
thesubmission oftheapplication, andshall cover theactofdistraining.
Section 91
Theresolution rejecting theapplication forexemption from payment andthatonthemodification
orwithdrawal oftheexemption areappealable.
Separate Measures
Section 92
Ifduring theproceedings aviolation ofthelegal regulations hasbeen committed, measures
shall betaken toremedy thedefects established andtoeliminate their causes.
Superior Authorities
Section 93
Unless anActofParliament, law-decree33,government decree orministerial decree directs
otherwise, during theapplication ofthisActthe"superior authorities" totakeaction shall bethepublic
administrative organs specified inSections 94-96.
Section 9434
(1) Instate administrative matters assigned tothemayor, themayor ofthecapital, thenotary, the
chief notary, apublic servant employed bytheoffice ofthemunicipal corporation orthehead ofthe
district office ofatown ofcounty rank, thesuperior authority shall be-unless anActofParliament
orruleoflawdirects otherwise -theCommissioner oftheRepublic.
(2) InstateadministrativemattersassignedtotheCommissioneroftheRepublicthesuperiorauthority
shall betheministry.
33The"law-decree" asasource oflawnolonger exists.
34Section 94isthetextestablished bySection 28ofActNo.XXof1991.G/SG/N/1/HUN/2/Suppl.1
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Section 9535
Section 96
Thesuperior authority ofthepublic administrative organs notmentioned inSections 94-95
shall bethedirect supervising organ, while inthecaseofministries itshall betheminister incharge.
Explanatory Provisions
Section 97
Forthepurposes ofthisAct,
(a) theterms "ministry" or"member ofGovernment" shall alsomean theorgan operating under
thedirect supervision oftheGovernment andthehead thereof;
(b) Theterm "relative" shall mean relatives inthedirect lineandtheir spouses, adoptive parents
andfoster-parents, adopted children andfoster-children, brothers andsisters, spouses, the
common-law husband andwife, thespouse 'srelative inthedirect line, thespouse 'sbrother
orsister andtheir spouse.
Entry intoforce
Section 98
This Actisenacted andthenecessary transitional rules aresetbyaseparate law-decree36.The
Actshall beenforced bytheGovernment.
35Section 95hasbeen abrogated bySection 29ofActNo.XXof1991.
36Seelaw-decree No.25of1981: according toitsSection 1,ActNo.Iof1981 came intoforce on
1January 1982.