GENERAL AGREEMENT GATS/SC/46
15April 1994
ONTRADE INSERVICES (94-1044)
JAPAN
Schedule ofSpecific Commitments
(This isauthentic inEnglish only)
____________________
Note fortransparency
i) Alphabets andnumbers indicated ineachsector-specific commitments arereference toServices
Sectoral Classification List(GATT Secretariat 'sDocuments MTN.GNS/W/120, dated
10July1991)andProvisionalCentralProductClassification(StatisticalPapersSeriesMNo.77,
DepartmentofInternationalEconomicandSocialAffairs,StatisticalOfficeoftheUnitedNations,
NewYork, 1991). These alphabetical andnumerical divisions areindicated toenhance the
clarity inthedescription ofspecific commitments, butshallnotbeconstrued asbeing apart
ofthespecific commitments.
ii) Themodes ofsupply 1),2),3)and4)indicated inthisschedule ofspecific commitments
correspond respectively tothesupply ofservices defined under paragraph 2.a),b),c)andd)
ofArticle IofthisAgreement.JAPAN -SCHEDULE OFSPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ALL SECTORS INCLUDED
INTHIS SCHEDULE3) Unbound forresearch anddevelopment
subsidies
4) Unbound except formeasures
concerning theentry andtemporary stay
ofanatural person whofallsinoneof
thefollowing categories:4) Unbound except formeasures concerning
thecategories ofnatural persons referred
tointhemarket access column
Unbound forresearch anddevelopment
subsidies a)Anatural person whohasbeen
employed byajuridical person ofa
Member other thanJapan fora
period ofnotlessthanoneyear
immediately preceding thedateof
hisapplication fortheentry and
temporary stayinJapan, andwhois
being transferred, foraperiod not
exceeding 5years, toabranch
office orajuridical person
constituted orregistered inJapan
owned orcontrolled bythe
aforementioned juridical person ofa
Member other thanJapan, provided
thathewillbeengaged inoneof
thefollowing activities:
GATS/SC/46
Page 1JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 2
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
i)Activities todirect abranch
office asitshead;
ii)Activities todirect ajuridical
person asitsboard member or
auditor;
iii)Activities todirect oneormore
departments orajuridical
person;
iv)Activities which require
technology and/or knowledge
atanadvanced level pertinent
tophysical sciences,
engineering orother natural
sciences; and
v)Activities which require
knowledge atanadvanced
level pertinent to
jurisprudence, economics,
business management,
accounting orother humanities
sciences.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
b)Anatural person whohasbeen
employed byajuridical person ofa
Member other thanJapan orhas
been apartner initforaperiod not
lessthanoneyearimmediately
preceding thedateofhisapplication
fortheentry andtemporary stayin
Japan, andwhoisbeing transferred
toJapan, foraperiod notexceeding
5years andwhowillreturn tothe
aforementioned juridical person ofa
Member other thanJapan upon the
expiration ofthesaidperiod,
provided thathewillbeengaged in
oneofthefollowing activities of
professional services which maybe
engaged onlyasanatural person
andnotasanemployee:
i)Legal services supplied bya
lawyer qualified as"Bengoshi"
under Japanese law;
ii)Consultancy onlawof
jurisdiction where theservice
supplier isaqualified lawyer;
iii)Legal services supplied bya
patent attorney qualified as
"Benrishi" under Japanese law;
GATS/SC/46
Page 3JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 4
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
iv)Legal services supplied bya
maritime procedure agent
qualified as"Kaijidairishi"
under Japanese law;
v)Accounting, auditing and
bookkeeping services supplied
byanaccountant qualified as
"Koninkaikeishi" under
Japanese law; and
vi)Taxation services supplied bya
taxaccountant qualified as
"Zeirishi" under Japanese law.
c)Anatural person whostays inJapan
foratime period notexceeding
90days without acquiring
remuneration from within Japan and
without engaging inmaking direct
sales tothegeneral public orin
supplying services himself, forthe
purposes ofparticipating inbusiness
contacts including negotiations for
thesaleofservices and/or other
similar activities including those to
prepare forestablishing commercial
presence inJapan.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Activities which require technology or
knowledge atanadvanced level pertinent
tonatural orhumanities sciences
referred toina)iv)andv)mean:
activities inwhich thenatural person
maynotbeabletoengage without the
application ofspecialized technology or
knowledge ofnatural orhumanities
sciences acquired byhim, inprinciple,
bycompleting college education (i.e.
bachelor 'sdegree) orhigher education.
GATS/SC/46
Page 5JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 6
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
II. SECTOR-SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A. Professional
Services
a) Legal services supplied
byalawyer qualified as
"Bengoshi" under
Japanese law
(861)1) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
Commercial presence isrequired.
2) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
Commercial presence isrequired.1) None
2) None
3) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
Commercial presence isrequired.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
a) Consultancy onlawof
jurisdiction where the
service supplier isa
qualified lawyer
i)Consultancy onlaw
does notinclude:
a)legal
representation for
juridical procedures
incourts andother
government agencies
aswellas
preparation oflegal
documents forsuch
procedures;
b)expression of
legal opinions
concerning laws
other thanlaws of
thejurisdiction
where theservice
supplier isqualified
asalawyer
(hereinafter referred
toasthe
"jurisdiction" inthis
sector);1) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
Commercial presence isrequired.
2) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
Commercial presence isrequired.
3) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
Commercial presence isrequired.1) Aservice supplier isrequired tostayin
Japan notlessthan180days inayear.
2) Aservice supplier isrequired tostayin
Japan notlessthan180days inayear.
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
Aservice supplier isrequired tostayin
Japan notlessthan180days inayear.3)i)Practice ofinternational
lawispermitted,
provided thatthe
international lawisor
wasinforce inthe
jurisdiction. Practice of
third country lawand
Japanese lawisnot
permitted.
ii)Association with
Bengoshi ispermitted.
Employment ofBengoshi
isnotpermitted.
iii)Useoffirmname is
unrestricted, provided
thatitisfollowed with
reference to"Gaikoku-
Ho-Jimu-Bengoshi
Jimusho"
iv)Representation in
arbitration ispermitted,
provided thatthe
applicable lawinthe
arbitration isthelaw
which theservice
supplier isqualified to
practice inJapan.
GATS/SC/46
Page 7JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 8
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
c)legal
representation for
theentrustment of
thepreparation of
notarial deeds; and
d)those activities
concerning alegal
casewhose primary
objective isthe
acquisition orloss
orchange ofrights
concerning real
property inJapan or
ofindustrial
property rights,
mining rights or
other rights arising
upon registration
thereof with
government agencies
inJapan.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
ii)Aservice supplier
shall berequired to
cooperate with
Bengoshi ortoask
forhisadvice ina
legal case
concerning family
relations or
inheritance, in
which aJapanese
national isinvolved
asaparty, orina
legal casewhose
objective isthe
acquisition orloss
orchange ofrights
concerning real
property inJapan or
ofindustrial
property rights,
mining rights or
other rights arising
upon registration
thereof with
government agencies
inJapan, aslongas
theabove objective
isnottheprimary
one.
GATS/SC/46
Page 9JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 10
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Note fortransparency
Aservice supplier must berecognized as"Gaikoku-Ho-Jimu-Bengoshi" bytheMinister ofJustice andregister withtheJapan Federation ofBarAssociations.
Theconditions forgranting recognition bytheMinister ofJustice areasfollows:
i)Theservice supplier isqualified asalawyer inthejurisdiction.
ii)Theservice supplier hasengaged himself asalawyer foratleast 5years inthejurisdiction.
iii)Theservice supplier isnotsubject tosuch conditions ofdisqualification inthejurisdiction which, ifapplied toBengoshi, would disqualify theBengoshi.
iv)Theservice supplier possesses theintention toundertake theprofession ingood faith.
v)Theservice supplier possesses plans, residence andfinancial basis toperform hisfunctions properly andsteadily.
vi)Theservice supplier possesses capability tocompensate fordamages caused totheclient, ifany.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
a) Legal services supplied
byapatent attorney
qualified as"Benrishi"
under Japanese law
(86119, 8612, 8613,
8619)1) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
Commercial presence isrequired.
2) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
Commercial presence isrequired.
3) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
Commercial presence isrequired.1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
a) Legal services supplied
byamaritime procedure
agent qualified as
"Kaijidairishi" under
Japanese law1) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
2) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.1) None
2) None
3) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
GATS/SC/46
Page 11JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 12
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
b) Accounting, auditing and
bookkeeping services
supplied byan
accountant qualified as
"Koninkaikeishi" under
Japanese law
(862)1) Services must besupplied byanatural
person orbyanAudit Corporation1.
Commercial presence isrequired foran
Audit Corporation.
2) Services must besupplied byanatural
person orbyanAudit Corporation.
Commercial presence isrequired foran
Audit Corporation.
3) Services must besupplied byanatural
person orbyanAudit Corporation.
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
c) Taxation services
supplied byatax
accountant qualified as
"Zeirishi" under
Japanese law
(863)1) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
Commercial presence isrequired.1) None
1 Audit Corporation under Japanese lawiscomposed offiveormore partners whoareaccountants qualified as"Koninkaikeishi" under Japanese law
andhave theright andobligation toexecute activities oftheAudit Corporation.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
2) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
Commercial presence isrequired.
3) Services must besupplied byanatural
person.
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
Commercial presence isrequired.2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
d),e)Architectural services A
supplied byaservice
supplier qualified as
"Kenchikushi" under
Japanese law,orbya
service supplier using
"Kenchikushi"1) Commercial presence isrequired.
2) Commercial presence isrequired.
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
GATS/SC/46
Page 13JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 14
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Architectural services A
covers services which
must besupplied bya
service supplier qualified
as"Kenchikushi" under
Japanese law,orbya
service supplier using
"Kenchikushi".
(86712, 86713, 867142)
(86722, 86723, 867242,
867252,867272)
d),e)Architectural services B
supplied byaservice
supplier qualified as
"Kenchikushi" under
Japanese law,orbya
service supplier using
"Kenchikushi"
Architectural services B
covers services which
maybesupplied bya
service supplier
unqualified as1) Commercial presence isrequired3.
2) Commercial presence isrequired3.
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
2 Limited toservices necessary forbuilding construction excluding postconstruction services.
3 IncaseArchitectural services Bissupplied byaservice supplier unqualified as"Kenchikushi" under Japanese law,orbyaservice supplier
notusing "Kenchikushi", commercial presence isnotrequired.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
"Kenchikushi" under
Japanese law,orbya
service supplier notusing
"Kenchikushi" (including
business related to
contracts ofconstruction
works forbuildings,
supervising construction
works forbuildings,
inspection andevaluation
ofbuildings, and
representation of
procedures based on
laws, regulations or
ordinances concerning
construction works for
buildings).
d),e),g)
Architectural
services other than
architectural services A
andB
(867114,867144,
867194
(867214)
(867424)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4 Limited toservices necessary forbuilding construction.
GATS/SC/46
Page 15JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 16
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
e),f)Engineering services and
integrated engineering
services (excluding
services related to
petroleum, petroleum
products, gasand
mineral)
(86725)
(86735)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
e),g),F.e), F.m)
Civil engineering
consulting services
(867216,867246,
867276,867296)
(86741, 867426)
(867616)
(867516,867526)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
5 Excluding architectural services andcivilengineering consulting services.
6 Limited toservices necessary forcivilengineering excluding engineering design services forbuildings.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
B. Computer andRelated
Services
(excluding services ofair
transport computer
reservation system)
(841, 842, 843,
844, 845, 849)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
C. Research and
Development Services
b) Research and
development services on
social sciences and
humanities
(852)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
GATS/SC/46
Page 17JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 18
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
D. Real Estate Services
a) Real estate services
involving ownorleased
property (forthe
property inJapan)
(821)1) Commercial presence isrequired.
2) Commercial presence isrequired.
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
a) Real estate services
involving ownorleased
property (forthe
property outside Japan)
(821)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTSJAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
b) Real estate services ona
feeorcontract basis (for
theproperty inJapan)
(822)1) Commercial presence isrequired.
2) Commercial presence isrequired.
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
b) Real estate services ona
feeorcontract basis (for
theproperty outside
Japan)
(822)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
GATS/SC/46
Page 19JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 20
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
E. Rental andLeasing
Services without
Operators
c) Rental andleasing
services, without
operators, related to
transport equipment other
thanvessels andaircrafts
(83101, 83102, 83105)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
d),e)Rental andleasing
services, without
operators, related to
machineries and
equipment other than
transport equipment
(83106-83109)
(832)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTSJAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
F. Other Business Services
a) Advertising services
(871)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
b) Market research and
public opinion polling
services
(864)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
GATS/SC/46
Page 21JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 22
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
c) Management consulting
services
(865)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
d) Services related to
management consulting
(86601, 86609)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTSJAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
k) Placement services of
personnel within Japan in
thefollowing twenty nine
occupations (limited to
services toestablish
employment relationship
between ajobapplicant
andanemployer seeking
personnel onthebasis of
jobapplications and
offers):1) Unbound
2) Unbound*
3) Thenumber oflicences conferred to
service suppliers maybelimited.
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound
2) Unbound*
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
i) fineartist,
ii) entertainer,
iii) scientific
technician,
iv) physician,
v) dentist,
vi) pharmacist,
vii) midwife,
viii) nurse,
ix) medical
technician,
x) dental technician,
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/46
Page 23JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 24
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
xi) dress designer,
xii) audiovisual and
theatrical
technician,
xiii) lawyer,
xiv) certified public
accountant,
xv) patent attorney,
xvi) business
manager,
xvii) fresh cake
making
technician,
xviii) housekeeper,
xix) barber,
xx) hairdresser,
xxi) Japanese-kimono
dresser,
xxii) attendant for
services attable,
xxiii) model,
xxiv) cook,JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
xxv) bartender,
xxvi) laundry
technician,
xxvii) interpreter,
xxviii) floor sales
person, and
xxix) sightseeing bus
tourconductor
(87201, 87202)
k) Supply services of
personnel within Japan7
inthefollowing sixteen
categories ofbusiness
(limited toservices to
dispatch workers
employed bytheservice
supplier towork under
thedirection ofanother
person while employment
relationship withthe
service supplier is
maintained):1) Unbound
2) Unbound*
3) Thenumber oflicences conferred to
service suppliers maybelimited.
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound
2) Unbound*
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoffeasibility.
7 (Note fortransparency)
Thedispatched worker maynotbesupplied from outside ofJapan through intra-corporate transfer.
GATS/SC/46
Page 25JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 26
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
i)Designing or
maintenance ofa
system runby
computer, or
designing,
developing or
maintenance ofa
computer program;
ii)Designing or
drafting of
machinery, devices
orinstruments
(hereinafter referred
toas"machineries")
orequipment
consisting of
machineries;
iii)Operating machinery
forpicture
recording, sound
recording, etc., used
intheproduction of
broadcasting
programs;JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
iv)Directing production
ofbroadcasting
programs;
v)Operating
computers,
typewriters, telex or
other similar office
machinery;
vi)Interpretation,
translation or
shorthand;
vii)Secretarial work for
arepresentative or
other person in
similar managerial
position ofa
juridical person;
viii)Classifying orfiling
documents,
magnetic tapes, etc.,
which requires
advanced expertise,
technique or
experience;
GATS/SC/46
Page 27JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 28
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
ix)Research ofmarket,
etc.orarrangement
oranalysis ofthe
result ofsuch
research inorder to
obtain basic data
necessary forthe
development ofnew
products, orthe
preparation ofsales
plans, etc.;
x)Preparation of
balance sheets,
statements ofprofits
andloss, andother
financial documents,
orother work
handling financial
affairs;JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
xi)Preparation of
documents
concerning
international trade
orother external
transactions, orof
written contracts,
receipt notes, bills
oflading orother
similar documents
concerning domestic
transactions;
xii)Introduction and
explanation ofthe
capacity and
operation, etc., of
computers, carsand
other machinery
which require
advanced expertise,
technique or
experience inorder
tooperate
appropriately;
GATS/SC/46
Page 29JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 30
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
xiii)Administering
itineraries for
tourists, by
accompanying them,
offering services
incidental tosuch
administering work
fortheconvenience
oftourists
(excluding attendant
services provided
inside vehicles,
vessels oraircrafts),
orwelcoming and
sending offtourists
inthebuildings
which areused for
boarding and
alighting orwaiting
bypassengers and
areinstalled atthe
stations orplatforms
ofvehicles, vessels
andaircrafts;
xiv)Cleaning of
buildings;JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
xv)Operation,
inspection, or
maintenance ofthe
facilities for
electricity, gas,
water supply,
drainage,
ventilation, heating,
airconditioning, fire
extinguishing,
discharge ofsmoke
orsanitation, and
chimneys, elevators
orlightning rods,
installed inthe
building (hereinafter
referred toas
"building
facilities"); and
GATS/SC/46
Page 31JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 32
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
xvi)Reception ofvisitors
orproviding
guidance tothem in
buildings or
exposition sites, or
attending aparking
lotattached tothose
buildings, and
maintenance and
management ofthe
facilities (excluding
building facilities)
installed inbuildings
forthepurpose of
offering convenience
forvisitors, workers
orresidents ofthe
buildings, inorder
tofacilitate efficient
utilization ofthe
buildings.
(87203, 87209)JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
m) Related scientific and
technical consulting
services (excluding
services related to
petroleum, petroleum
products, gas,mineral,
andsurveying)
(86751, 86752)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
m) Surveying services for
thelandinJapan
(86753, 86754)1) Commercial presence isrequired except
forthesurveying conducted bynotusing
Basic Survey8dataorPublic Survey9
data, andthesurveying forsmall areas
orthesurveying notrequiring high
accuracy.1) None
2) Commercial presence isrequired except
forthesurveying conducted bynotusing
Basic Survey dataorPublic Survey data,
andthesurveying forsmall areas orthe
surveying notrequiring highaccuracy.2) None
3) None 3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
8 Basic Survey isaprimary orfundamental survey, conducted bytheGeographical Survey Institute oftheMinistry ofConstruction, forallsurveys.
9 Public Survey isasurvey, other thanBasic Survey, which does notinclude thesurveying forsmall areas andthesurveying notrequiring high
accuracy, conducted under theexpenses partially orinfullof,orunder thesubsidization oftheGovernment orother public entities.
GATS/SC/46
Page 33JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 34
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
m) Surveying services for
thelandoutside Japan
(86753, 86754)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
n) Maintenance andrepair
services ofequipment
(excluding vessels,
aircrafts andother
transport equipment)
(633, 8861-8866)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
o) Building-cleaning
services
(87401, 87402, 87403,
87409)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
p) Photographic services
(875)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
q) Packaging services
(876)1) None
2) None
3) None1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/46
Page 35JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 36
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
r) Printing andpublishing
services
(88442)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
s) Convention services
(87909)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
t) Translation and
interpretation services
(87905)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
t) Specialty design services
(87907)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
GATS/SC/46
Page 37JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 38
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
2. COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
C. Telecommunications
Services
Thefollowing domestic
Telecommunications
Services supplied by
Type II
telecommunications
business:
b) Packet-switched data
transmission services;
(7523)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTSJAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
c) Circuit-switched data
transmission services;
(7523)
d) Telex services;
(7523)
f) Facsimile services; and
(7529)
g) Private leased circuit
services.
(7529)
Value-added services
supplied byType II
telecommunications
business including:
h) Electronic mail services;
(7523)
i) Voice mail services;
(7521)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
j) On-line information and
databaseretrieval
services;
(7523)
GATS/SC/46
Page 39JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 40
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
k) Electronic data
interchange (EDI)
services;
(7523)
l) Enhanced facsimile
services;
(7529)
m) Code andprotocol
conversion services; and
(7523)
n) On-line information
and/or dataprocessing
services.
(843)
Specific commitments in
thesectors of
Telecommunications
Services donotinclude
voice transmission
services supplied through
theuseofdomestic
leased circuits
interconnected with
public switched
networks.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Type II
telecommunications
business isany
telecommunications
business other than
Type I
telecommunications
business. Type I
telecommunications
business isanybusiness
which supplies
telecommunications
services byestablishing
telecommunications
circuit facilities.
Telecommunications
circuit facilities are
transmission line
facilities connecting
transmitting points with
receiving points,
switching facilities
installed asinseparable
units therefrom, and
other facilities accessory
tosuch facilities.
GATS/SC/46
Page 41JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 42
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
D. Audiovisual Services
a) Motion picture andvideo
tapeproduction and
distribution services
(9611)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
b) Motion picture projection
services
(9612)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
e) Sound recording services 1) None
2) None1) None
2) None
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
3. CONSTRUCTION AND
RELATED
ENGINEERING
SERVICES (excluding
services related to
mining)
A. General Construction
Services forBuildings
(512)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
B. General Construction
Services forCivil
Engineering
(513)
C. Installation andAssembly
Services
(514, 516)
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/46
Page 43JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 44
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
D. Building Completion and
Finishing Services
(517)
E. Other
(511, 515, 518)
4. DISTRIBUTION
SERVICES
A. Commission Agents '
Services
(621, 61111, 61130,
61210)
B. Wholesale Trade
Services
(622, 61111, 61130,
61210)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
C. Retailing Services
(631, 632, 61112,
61130, 61210)JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
D. Franchising Services
(8929)
Specific commitments in
thesectors of
Distribution Services do
notinclude services
related topetroleum,
petroleum products, rice,
tobacco, salt,alcoholic
beverages, andthose
supplied atPublic
Wholesale Market.
Public Wholesale Market
isamarket established
under national orlocal
government approval for
commission agents '
services andwholesale
trade services offresh
foods including
vegetables, fruits, marine
products, meats and
other daily foods, and
flowers, withauction or
bidding hall, parking lot
GATS/SC/46
Page 45JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 46
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
andother facilities
necessary fortrade and
disposal ofabove goods,
which isoperated ona
permanent basis.
5. EDUCATIONAL
SERVICES
Thefollowing
Educational Services
supplied byFormal
Education Institutions
established inJapan
(Formal Education
Institutions are
elementary schools,
lower secondary schools,
upper secondary schools,
universities, technical
colleges, schools forthe
blind, schools forthe
deaf, schools forthe
handicapped and
kindergartens.):1) Unbound*
2) Unbound*
3) Formal Education Institutions must be
established byschool juridical persons.10
4) Unbound1) Unbound*
2) Unbound*
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
10 Aschool juridical person isanon-profit juridical person established forthepurpose ofsupplying educational services under Japanese law.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
A. Primary Educational
Services;
(9211, 9219)
B. Secondary Educational
Services; and
(9221, 9222, 9223)
C. Higher Educational
Services.
(9231, 9239)
D. Adult Educational
Services
Foreign language tuition
services foradults
(excluding services
supplied byFormal
Education Institutions
established inJapan.1) None
2) None
3) None1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
GATS/SC/46
Page 47JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 48
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Formal Education
Institutions are
elementary schools,
lower secondary schools,
upper secondary schools,
universities, technical
colleges, schools forthe
blind, schools forthe
deaf, schools forthe
handicapped,
kindergartens, special
training colleges and
miscellaneous schools.)
(92400)4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTSJAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
6. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES
A. Sewage Services
(9401)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
B. Refuse Disposal Services
(9402)1) Unbound*
2) None1) Unbound*
2) None
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/46
Page 49JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 50
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
3) Thenumber oflicences conferred to
service suppliers ofwaste oildisposal at
seafrom vessels maybelimited.
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
C. Sanitation andSimilar
Services
(9403)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
D. Other
Cleaning services of
exhaust gases
(9404)1) Unbound*
2) None1) Unbound*
2) None
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Noise abatement services
(9405)
Nature andlandscape
protection services
(9406)
Other environmental
protection services
(9409)3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
GATS/SC/46
Page 51JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 52
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES
Inaddition toPartIIIofthisAgreement andtheAnnex onFinancial Services, Japan undertakes itsspecific commitments withrespect toFinancial Services
under thisAgreement inaccordance withtheUnderstanding onCommitments inFinancial Services (hereinafter referred toasthe"Understanding", attached tothis
schedule, which forms anintegral partofthisschedule). Thus, theobligations under theUnderstanding areincurred inthesectors ofFinancial Services
additionally tothose covered bytheprovisions ofPartIIIofthisAgreement andtheAnnex onFinancial Services.
Forprudential reasons within thecontext ofparagraph 2.a)oftheAnnex onFinancial Services, Japan shall notbeprevented from taking measures such as
non-discriminatory limitations onjuridical forms ofacommercial presence. Forthesame reasons, Japan shall notbeprevented from applying non-discriminatory
limitations concerning admission tothemarket ofnewfinancial services which shall beconsistent withregulatory framework aimed atachieving such prudential
objectives. Inthiscontext, securities firms areallowed todealinsecurities defined intherelevant Japanese law,andbanks arenotallowed todealinthose
securities unless allowed inaccordance withthesaidlaw.
With respect tospecific commitments inthesectors ofFinancial Services, services supplied intheterritory ofaMember other thanJapan totheservice
consumer inJapan without anyactive marketing from theservice supplier areconsidered asservices supplied under paragraph 2.b)ofArticle IofthisAgreement.
A. Insurance andInsurance-
Related ServicesSpecific commitments inthemarket access
column withrespect tothesupply ofaservice
asprescribed inparagraph 2.a)andb)of
Article IofthisAgreement areunbound
except forobligations under paragraph 3
and4oftheUnderstanding respectively which
areincurred inthissector additionally to
those covered bytheprovisions ofPartIIIof
thisAgreement andtheAnnex onFinancial
Services, subject toconditions and
qualifications setoutbelow.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
1) Commercial presence isinprinciple
required forinsurance contracts onthe
following items andanyliability arising
therefrom:1) None
a)goods being transported within
Japan
b)ships andaircrafts ofJapanese
registration
Japan intends totakemeasures necessary
formaking substantial liberalization of
thecross-border insurance transactions
forships ofJapanese registration which
areused forinternational maritime
transport andaircrafts ofJapanese
registration, asanintegral partofthe
Insurance System Reform in1995.
60% ofamounts ofreinsurance onthe
compulsory automobile third party
liability insurance issubject tothe
compulsory coverage bythe
Government.
Insurance services arenotallowed tobe
supplied through anintermediary in
Japan.
GATS/SC/46
Page 53JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 54
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
2) Commercial presence isinprinciple
required forinsurance contracts onthe
following items andanyliability arising
therefrom:2) None
a)goods being transported within
Japan
b)ships andaircrafts ofJapanese
registration
Japan intends totakemeasures necessary
formaking substantial liberalization of
thecross-border insurance transactions
forships ofJapanese registration which
areused forinternational maritime
transport andaircrafts ofJapanese
registration, asanintegral partofthe
Insurance System Reform in1995.
60% ofamounts ofreinsurance onthe
compulsory automobile third party
liability insurance issubject tothe
compulsory coverage bythe
Government.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Insurance services arenotallowed tobe
supplied through anintermediary in
Japan.
3) Establishment ofcommercial presence as
insurance brokers isnotallowed.
Japan intends totakemeasures necessary
forintroducing theinsurance brokerage
system, asanintegral partofthe
Insurance System Reform in1995.
60% ofamounts ofreinsurance onthe
compulsory automobile third party
liability insurance issubject tothe
compulsory coverage bythe
Government.
Insurance intermediation services arenot
allowed tobesupplied forinsurance
contracts made byaninsurance service
supplier whoisnotlicensed inJapan.
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS3) Foreign lifeinsurance companies are
required toretain inyencurrency an
amount corresponding totheir technical
andclaim reserves foryen-denominated
insurance policies inJapan.
Asindicated inHORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
GATS/SC/46
Page 55JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 56
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
B. Banking andOther
Financial Services
(excluding Insurance and
Insurance-Related
Services)Specific commitments inthemarket access
column withrespect tothesupply ofaservice
asprescribed inparagraph 2.a)andb)of
Article IofthisAgreement areunbound
except forobligations under paragraph 3
and4oftheUnderstanding respectively which
areincurred inthissector additionally to
those covered bytheprovisions ofPartIIIof
thisAgreement andtheAnnex onFinancial
Services, subject toconditions and
qualifications setoutbelow.
1) Commercial presence isrequired for
discretionary investment management
services.1) None
2) Overseas deposits andtrustcontracts
denominated inforeign currencies, the
sumofwhich areover100million yen
value, andthose denominated inyenare
subject toapproval.2) None
Thefollowing capital transaction
services maybesupplied through
authorized foreign exchange banks in
Japan, orotherwise areinprinciple
subject toapproval:
a)Trade in:JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
i)payment instruments such as
cheques andbills;
ii)foreign exchange; and
iii)derivative products which
involve outright foreign
exchange transactions such as
currency spotoptions.
b)Special methods ofsettlement such
asoffsetting andanymethod
whereby aresident either makes
payment forthenon-resident
concerned toanother resident or
receives payment made byanother
resident forthenon-resident
concerned
c)Swaps
d)Factoring
Commercial presence isrequired for
financial/securities futures andoptions
transaction services, except forthe
services supplied tothefinancial
institutions inaccordance withthe
designation byMinister ofFinance
under therelevant Japanese laws.
GATS/SC/46
Page 57JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 58
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
3) Commercial presence forinvestment
trust management services must bea
juridical person established inJapan.
Unbound forstandstill obligation under
theUnderstanding withrespect tothe
limitations below:
a)Licences required forestablishing
subsidiaries andbranch offices are
notgranted toforeign service
suppliers.
b)Authorization orqualification for
licensed service suppliers toexpand
existing operations orconduct new
activities isnotgranted toforeign
service suppliers.3) Thedeposit insurance system does not
cover deposits taken bybranches of
foreign banks.
Unbound forstandstill obligation under
theUnderstanding withrespect tothe
limitations a)andb)referred tointhe
market access column
Asindicated inHORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS3) Japan intends toexpand
thescope ofEmployees '
Pension Fund (hereinafter
referred toas"fund")
assets which canbe
managed bydiscretionary
investment management
firms, inrespect ofthe
funds qualified by
Minister ofHealth and
Welfare, byremoving
classification between
New Money11andassets
other thenNew Money.
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
11 New Money isasset mainly consisting ofaccumulation ofpremiums collected byafund after thedaywhen thefund isqualified byMinister ofHealth and
Welfare asappropriate forexpanding itsmeans ofasset management toinclude discretionary investment management services.GATS/SC/46
Page59
UNDERSTANDING ONCOMMITMENTS INFINANCIAL SERVICES
Participants intheUruguay Round havebeenenabled totakeonspecific commitments withrespect
tofinancial services under theGeneral Agreement onTrade inServices (hereinafter referred toasthe
"Agreement") onthebasis ofanalternative approach tothatcovered bytheprovisions ofPartIIIofthe
Agreement. Itwasagreed thatthisapproach could beapplied subject tothefollowing understanding:
(i) itdoesnotconflict withtheprovisions oftheAgreement;
(ii) itdoes notprejudice theright ofanyMember toschedule itsspecific commitments in
accordance withtheapproach under PartIIIoftheAgreement;
(iii) resulting specific commitments shallapply onamost-favoured-nation basis;
(iv) nopresumption hasbeencreated astothedegree ofliberalization towhich aMember is
committing itself under theAgreement.
Interested Members, onthebasisofnegotiations, andsubject toconditions andqualifications where
specified, haveinscribed intheirschedule specific commitments conforming totheapproach setoutbelow.
A. Standstill
Anyconditions, limitations andqualifications tothecommitments noted below shallbelimited to
existing non-conforming measures.
B. Market Access
Monopoly Rights
1. Inaddition toArticle VIIIoftheAgreement, thefollowing shallapply:
Each Member shalllistinitsschedule pertaining tofinancial services existing monopoly rights and
shallendeavour toeliminate them orreduce theirscope. Notwithstanding subparagraph 1(b)ofthe
AnnexonFinancialServices,thisparagraphappliestotheactivitiesreferredtoinsubparagraph1(b)(iii)
oftheAnnex.
Financial Services purchased byPublic Entities
2. NotwithstandingArticleXIIIoftheAgreement,eachMembershallensurethatfinancialservicesuppliers
ofanyother Member established initsterritory areaccorded most-favoured-nation treatment andnational
treatment asregards thepurchase oracquisition offinancial services bypublic entities oftheMember inits
territory.GATS/SC/46
Page60
Cross-border Trade
3. EachMember shallpermit non-resident suppliers offinancial services tosupply, asaprincipal, through
anintermediary orasanintermediary, andunder terms andconditions thataccord national treatment, the
following services:
(a) insurance ofrisksrelating to:
(i) maritime shipping andcommercial aviation andspace launching andfreight (including
satellites), withsuchinsurance tocover anyorallofthefollowing: thegoods being
transported, thevehicle transporting thegoods andanyliability arising therefrom;
and
(ii) goods ininternational transit;
(b) reinsurance andretrocession andtheservices auxiliary toinsurance asreferred toin
subparagraph 5(a)(iv) oftheAnnex;
(c) provision andtransfer offinancial information andfinancial dataprocessing asreferred to
insubparagraph 5(a)(xv) oftheAnnex andadvisory andother auxiliary services, excluding
intermediation, relating tobanking andother financial services asreferred toin
subparagraph 5(a)(xvi) oftheAnnex.
4. EachMember shallpermit itsresidents topurchase intheterritory ofanyother Member thefinancial
services indicated in:
(a) subparagraph 3(a);
(b) subparagraph 3(b); and
(c) subparagraphs 5(a)(v) to(xvi)oftheAnnex.
Commercial Presence
5. Each Member shallgrant financial service suppliers ofanyother Member therighttoestablish or
expand within itsterritory, including through theacquisition ofexisting enterprises, acommercial presence.
6. AMember mayimpose terms, conditions andprocedures forauthorization oftheestablishment and
expansion ofacommercial presence insofarastheydonotcircumvent theMember 'sobligation under
paragraph 5andtheyareconsistent withtheother obligations ofthisAgreement.
NewFinancial Services
7. AMember shallpermit financial service suppliers ofanyother Member established initsterritory
tooffer initsterritory anynewfinancial service.GATS/SC/46
Page61
Transfers ofInformation andProcessing ofInformation
8. NoMember shalltakemeasures thatprevent transfers ofinformation ortheprocessing offinancial
information, including transfers ofdatabyelectronic means, orthat,subject toimportation rulesconsistent
withinternational agreements, prevent transfers ofequipment, where suchtransfers ofinformation, processing
offinancial information ortransfers ofequipment arenecessary fortheconduct oftheordinary business of
afinancial service supplier. Nothing inthisparagraph restricts therightofaMember toprotect personal
data,personal privacy andtheconfidentiality ofindividual records andaccounts solongassuchrightisnot
usedtocircumvent theprovisions oftheAgreement.
Temporary Entry ofPersonnel
9. (a) Each Member shallpermit temporary entry intoitsterritory ofthefollowing personnel of
afinancial service supplier ofanyother Member thatisestablishing orhasestablished a
commercial presence intheterritory oftheMember:
(i) senior managerial personnel possessing proprietary information essential tothe
establishment, control andoperation oftheservices ofthefinancial service supplier;
and
(ii) specialists intheoperation ofthefinancial service supplier.
(b) Each Member shallpermit, subject totheavailability ofqualified personnel initsterritory,
temporary entry intoitsterritory ofthefollowing personnel associated withacommercial
presence ofafinancial service supplier ofanyother Member:
(i) specialists incomputer services, telecommunication services andaccounts ofthe
financial service supplier; and
(ii) actuarial andlegalspecialists.
Non-discriminatory Measures
10. EachMember shallendeavour toremove ortolimitanysignificant adverse effects onfinancial service
suppliers ofanyother Member of:
(a) non-discriminatory measures thatprevent financial service suppliers from offering inthe
Member 'sterritory, intheformdetermined bytheMember, allthefinancial services permitted
bytheMember;
(b) non-discriminatory measures thatlimit theexpansion oftheactivities offinancial service
suppliers intotheentire territory oftheMember;
(c) measures ofaMember, when suchaMember applies thesame measures tothesupply of
bothbanking andsecurities services, andafinancial service supplier ofanyother Member
concentrates itsactivities intheprovision ofsecurities services; andGATS/SC/46
Page62
(d) other measures that,although respecting theprovisions oftheAgreement, affect adversely
theability offinancial service suppliers ofanyother Member tooperate, compete orenter
theMember 'smarket;
provided thatanyaction taken under thisparagraph would notunfairly discriminate against financial service
suppliers oftheMember taking suchaction.
11. Withrespect tothenon-discriminatory measures referred toinsubparagraphs 10(a)and(b),aMember
shallendeavour nottolimitorrestrict thepresent degree ofmarket opportunities northebenefits already
enjoyed byfinancial service suppliers ofallother Members asaclassintheterritory oftheMember, provided
thatthiscommitment doesnotresult inunfair discrimination against financial service suppliers oftheMember
applying suchmeasures.
C. National Treatment
1. Under terms andconditions thataccord national treatment, eachMember shallgranttofinancial service
suppliers ofanyother Member established initsterritory access topayment andclearing systems operated
bypublic entities, andtoofficial funding andrefinancing facilities available inthenormal course ofordinary
business. Thisparagraph isnotintended toconfer access totheMember 'slender oflastresort facilities.
2. When membership orparticipation in,oraccess to,anyself-regulatory body, securities orfutures
exchange ormarket, clearing agency, oranyother organization orassociation, isrequired byaMember in
order forfinancial service suppliers ofanyother Member tosupply financial services onanequal basiswith
financial service suppliers oftheMember, orwhen theMember provides directly orindirectly suchentities,
privileges oradvantages insupplying financial services, theMember shallensure thatsuchentities accord
national treatment tofinancial service suppliers ofanyother Member resident intheterritory oftheMember.
D. Definitions
Forthepurposes ofthisapproach:
1. Anon-resident supplier offinancial services isafinancial service supplier ofaMember which supplies
afinancial service intotheterritory ofanother Member fromanestablishment located intheterritory ofanother
Member, regardless ofwhether suchafinancial service supplier hasorhasnotacommercial presence in
theterritory oftheMember inwhich thefinancial service issupplied.
2. "Commercial presence" means anenterprise within aMember 'sterritory forthesupply offinancial
services andincludes wholly- orpartly-owned subsidiaries, jointventures, partnerships, soleproprietorships,
franchising operations, branches, agencies, representative offices orother organizations.
3. Anewfinancial service isaservice ofafinancial nature, including services related toexisting and
newproducts orthemanner inwhich aproduct isdelivered, thatisnotsupplied byanyfinancial service
supplier intheterritory ofaparticular Member butwhich issupplied intheterritory ofanother Member.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
8. HEALTH RELATED
AND SOCIAL
SERVICES
A. Hospital Services
(9311)1) Unbound* 1) Unbound*
2) None
3) Unbound except thatthere isno
limitation ontheparticipation offoreign
capital2) None
3) Unbound except thatthere isno
limitation ontheparticipation offoreign
capital
Asindicated inHORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound 4) Unbound
9. TOURISM AND
TRAVEL RELATED
SERVICES
A. Hotels andRestaurants
Services (excluding
catering services)
(6411, 6412, 64194,
6421, 6422, 6431,
6432)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/46
Page 63JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 64
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
Catering services
(6423)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
B. Travel Agencies and
Tour Operators Services
(7471)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTSJAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
C. Tourist Guides Services
(7472)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
10. RECREATIONAL,
CULTURAL AND
SPORTING SERVICES
A. Entertainment Services
(including theatre, live
bands andcircus
services)
(9619)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/46
Page 65JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 66
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
B. News Agency Services
(962)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
C. Libraries andArchives
Services
(96311, 96312)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
D. Sporting andother
Recreational Services
Sporting services
(9641)
Recreation parks and
beach services
(96491)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
11. TRANSPORT
SERVICES
A. Maritime Transport
Services
a),b)International maritime
transport services
(including services of
passenger transportation
andfreight transportation)
(7211, 7212)1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Unbound
4) Unbound1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Unbound
4) UnboundThefollowing services willbemade
available tointernational maritime
transport suppliers onreasonable and
non-discriminatory terms and
conditions:
i) pilotage services;
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/46
Page 67JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 68
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Specific commitments in
thesector ofMaritime
Transport Services donot
include "cabotage
services", which cover
transportation of
passengers orgoods
between aportlocated in
Japan andanother port
located inJapan and
traffic withpassengers
aboard originating and
terminating inthesame
portlocated inJapan.ii) pushing andtowing services;
iii) provisioning, fuelling and
watering services;
iv) garbage collecting andrefuse
disposal services;
v) portcaptain 'sservices;
vi) navigation aidsservices;
vii) shore based operational services
essential toshipoperations,
including communications, water
andelectrical supplies;
viii) emergency repair services; and
ix) anchorage, berths andberthing
services.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
A. Maritime Auxiliary
Transport Services
e) Pushing andtowing
services
(7214)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
f) Maritime agency services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/46
Page 69JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 70
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
f) Salvaging andrefloating
services, watering
services, fuelling
services, garbage
collecting services
(7454, 7459)
Specific commitments in
thesectors ofMaritime
Auxiliary Transport
Services donotinclude
"cabotage services",
which cover
transportation of
passengers orgoods
between aportlocated in
Japan andanother port
located inJapan and
traffic withpassengers
aboard originating and
terminating inthesame
portlocated inJapan.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTSJAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
B. Internal Waterways
Transport Services
e) Pushing andtowing
services
(7224)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
f) Salvaging andrefloating
services, watering
services, fuelling
services, garbage
collecting services
(7454, 7459)
Specific commitments in
thesectors ofInternal
Waterways Transport
Services donotinclude
"cabotage services",1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/46
Page 71JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 72
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
which cover
transportation of
passengers orgoods
between aportlocated in
Japan andanother port
located inJapan and
traffic withpassengers
aboard originating and
terminating inthesame
portlocated inJapan.
C. AirTransport Services
d) Aircraft repair and
maintenance services
defined inparagraph 6.a)
ofAnnex onAir
Transport Services1) Unbound*
2) None
3) Thenumber oflicences conferred to
service suppliers maybelimited.
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
e) Selling andmarketing of
airtransport services
defined inparagraph
6.b)ofAnnex onAir
Transport Services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
e) Computer reservation
system (CRS) services
defined inparagraph 6.c)
ofAnnex onAir
Transport Services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
GATS/SC/46
Page 73JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 74
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
E. RailTransport Services
d) Maintenance andrepair
services ofrailtransport
equipment
(8868)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
Rental services ofrailway
transport equipment with
operators1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
F. Road Transport Services
b) Freight transport services
(7123)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) Emergency safeguard measures
concerning thelimitations onthe
number ofservice suppliers andonthe
number ofservice operations oronthe
quantity ofservice output
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
d) Maintenance andrepair
services ofroadtransport
equipment
(6112, 8867)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/46
Page 75JAPAN (continued) GATS/SC/46
Page 76
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
G. Pipeline Transport
Services
b) Transport services of
goods other thanfuels
(7139)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
H. Services Auxiliary toAll
Modes ofTransport
b) Storage andwarehouse
services (excluding
services related to
petroleum andpetroleum
products)
(742)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except asindicated inhorizontal
commitments
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.JAPAN (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
d) Customs clearance agent
services inJapan1) Unbound*
2) Unbound*
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) Unbound*
3) None except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except asindicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/46
Page 77