text:
Raj Kumar Shukla
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sant raut sant raut
Born
(1875-08-23)23 August 1875
amolwa, Champaran, Bihar
Died
(1929-05-20)20 May 1929
amolwa, Bihar
Occupation
Freedom fighter, Farmer
Language
Hindi, Bhojpuri, Kaithi, Maithili,
Nationality
Indian
Period
1890s - 1920s
Children
chandi bhagat,ramji bhagat, ayodhya bhagat
Relatives
ramsanehi prasad,rakesh kumar,kiran shankar,pradeepsanehi bhagat (grandchildren)
sant raut was the person who convinced Mr. M.K.Gandhi to visit Champaran. He was born in 1875 at amolwa village, in Champaran, where his bhagat ancestors lived for 200 years. Mr. Raut stated himself about this in front of Champaran agrarian committee. His another village was Murli Bharahwa (मुरली भरहवा) in Champaran itself. In Murli Bharahwa he has acres of farming land. He was a villager from India who became famous for his association with Mahatma Gandhi during Champaran Satyagrah [1]. Sant raut was instrumental in inviting Gandhi to Champaran village in Bihar and this struggle was a turning point in India's fight for independence.
Contents
1 History
2 Honour
3 Books on Raj Kumar Shukla
4 Gandhi in Champaran
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
During the 31st session of the Congress in Lucknow in 1916, Gandhi met Raj Kumar Shukla, a representative of farmers from Champaran, who requested him to come and see for himself the miseries of the indigo ryots (tenant farmers) there. Gandhi later wrote in his autobiography “I must confess that I did not then know even the name, much less the geographical position, of Champaran, and I had hardly any notion of indigo plantations.” ” [2] Now we can say that Raj Kumar Shukla met Mahatma Gandhi to make him aware of the plight of the cultivators in Champaran and persuaded him to go there. He was known Indigo cultivator of the area as he was a money lender from village Murli Bharahwa near Narkatiaganj in West Champaran, earning, according to his own statement before the enquiry committee set up by the provincial government, a sum of two thousand rupees a month from interest [3][4] Bhatt Brahmins in Champaran had earlier revolted against indigo cultivation in 1914 (at Pipra) and 1916 (Turkaulia).
Honour[edit]
Stamp on Raj Kumar Shukla
To commemorate his 125th birth anniversary, the Department of Posts released a stamp in his honour in 2000.[5] after Gandhi's assassination it was first time that Govt. recognise his contributions towards Indian Independence.
On the occasion of 100 years of Champaran Satyagrah Govt. of Bihar established a Statue of Pt. Rajkumar Shukla at Gandhi Sangrhalay (गांधी संग्रहालय) Patna and Gandhi Peace Foundation Delhi has showcased Photograph of Raj Kumar Shukla
Books on Raj Kumar Shukla[edit]
On the occasion of 100 years of Champaran Satyagrah noted writer Arvind Mohan written a Book on him and his other supporters named Champaran : Satyagrah Ke Sahyogi. (चंपारण :सत्याग्रह के सहयोगी). The book released by Chief Minister of Bihar Nitish Kumar on 10th April 2017. In September 2017 noted writer Arvind Mohan written a book named Mr. M.K. Gandhi ki Champaran Diary. In this book Raj Kumar Shukla emerged as main contributor of Mahatma Gandhi's Satyagrah.
Another book written by B.L.Das. This book based on Raj Kumar Shukla's diary गांधी जी के चम्पारण आंदोलन के सूत्रधार राजकुमार शुक्ल की डायरी. Latest book written by Dr. Sujata Chaudhary, सौ साल पहले (चम्पारण का गांधी)
Gandhi in Champaran[edit]
Gandhi's close associates (Seated) Rajendra Prasad & Anugrah Narayan Sinha with others during Champaran Satyagraha
Mahatama Gandhi arrived in Champaran with his team of eminent nationalists Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Brajkishore Prasad and the Champaran Satyagraha began.[6]
See also[edit]
Champaran Satyagraha
References[edit]
Jump up ^ A struggle for freedom
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Tidrick, Kathryn (2006). Gandhi: A Political and Spiritual Life. I.B.Tauris. p. 117. ISBN 978-1-84511-166-3. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
Jump up ^ "West Chaparan District at a Glance". Tirhut Division. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
Jump up ^ http://www.maharashtrapost.gov.in/htmldocs/oct2000.htm
Jump up ^ Brown, Judith Margaret (1972). Gandhi's Rise to Power, Indian Politics 1915-1922: Indian Politics 1915-1922. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press Archive. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-521-09873-1.
External links[edit]
Amolwa will be Ideal Village
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Abundance of elements in Earth's crust
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Abundance (atom fraction) of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust as a function of atomic number. The rarest elements in the crust (shown in yellow) are not the heaviest, but are rather the siderophile (iron-loving) elements in the Goldschmidt classification of elements. These have been depleted by being relocated deeper into the Earth's core. Their abundance in meteoroids is higher. Additionally, tellurium and selenium have been depleted from the crust due to formation of volatile hydrides.
The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each chemical element shown as either percentage or parts per million (ppm) by mass (10,000 ppm = 1%).
Abundance of chemical elements in Earth's crust, from various sources
Rank
Z, element & symbol
Abundance in crust (ppm) by source
Annual production
Darling[1]
Barbalace[2]
WebElements[3]
Israel Science and Technology[4]
Jefferson Lab[5]
(2016, tonnes)[6]
1 8 oxygen O 466,000 474,000 460,000 467,100 461,000
2 14 silicon [A] Si 277,200 277,100 270,000 276,900 282,000 7,200,000
3 13 aluminium Al 81,300 82,000 82,000 80,700 82,300 57,600,000
4 26 iron Fe 50,000 41,000 63,000 50,500 56,300 1,150,000,000
5 20 calcium Ca 36,300 41,000 50,000 36,500 41,500
6 11 sodium Na 28,300 23,000 23,000 27,500 23,600 255,000,000
7 19 potassium K 25,900 21,000 15,000 25,800 20,900
8 12 magnesium Mg 20,900 23,000 29,000 20,800 23,300 1,010,000
9 22 titanium Ti 4,400 5,600 6,600 6,200 5,600 6,600,000
10 1 hydrogen H 1,400 1,500 1,400 1,400
11 15 phosphorus P 1,200 1,000 1,000 1,300 1,050
12 25 manganese Mn 1,000 950 1,100 900 950 16,000,000
13 9 fluorine F 800 950 540 290 585
14 56 barium Ba 500 340 340 500 425
15 6 carbon C 300 480 1,800 940 200
16 38 strontium Sr 370 360 370 350,000
17 16 sulfur S 500 260 420 520 350 69,300,000
18 40 zirconium Zr 190 130 250 165 1,460,000
19 74 tungsten W 160.6 1.1 1.25 86,400
20 23 vanadium V 100 160 190 120 76,000
21 17 chlorine Cl 500 130 170 450 145
22 24 chromium Cr 100 100 140 350 102 26,000,000
23 37 rubidium Rb 300 90 60 90
24 28 nickel Ni 80 90 190 84 2,250,000
25 30 zinc Zn 75 79 70 11,900,000
26 29 copper Cu 100 50 68 60 19,400,000
27 58 cerium Ce 68 60 66.5
28 60 neodymium Nd 38 33 41.5
29 57 lanthanum La 32 34 39
30 39 yttrium Y 30 29 33 6,000
31 7 nitrogen N 50 25 20 19 140,000,000
32 27 cobalt Co 20 30 25 123,000
33 3 lithium Li 20 17 20 35,000
34 41 niobium Nb 20 17 20 64,000
35 31 gallium Ga 18 19 19
36 21 scandium Sc 16 26 22
37 82 lead Pb 14 10 14 4,820,000
38 62 samarium Sm 7.9 6 7.05
39 90 thorium Th 12 6 9.6
40 59 praseodymium Pr 9.5 8.7 9.2
41 5 boron B 950 8.7 10 9,400,000
42 64 gadolinium Gd 7.7 5.2 6.2
43 66 dysprosium Dy 6 6.2 5.2
44 72 hafnium Hf 5.3 3.3 3.0
45 68 erbium Er 3.8 3.0 3.5
46 70 ytterbium Yb 3.3 2.8 3.2
47 55 caesium Cs 3 1.9 3
48 4 beryllium Be 2.6 1.9 2.8 220
49 50 tin Sn 0 2.2 2.2 2.3 280,000
50 63 europium Eu 2.1 1.8 2.0
51 92 uranium U 0 1.8 2.7 74,119
52 73 tantalum Ta 2 1.7 2.0 1,100
53 32 germanium Ge 1.8 1.4 1.5 155
54 42 molybdenum Mo 1.5 1.1 1.2 227,000
55 33 arsenic As 1.5 2.1 1.8 36,500
56 67 holmium Ho 1.4 1.2 1.3
57 65 terbium Tb 1.1 0.94 1.2
58 69 thulium Tm 0.48 0.45 0.52
59 35 bromine Br 0.37 3 2.4 391,000
60 81 thallium Tl 0.6 0.530 0.850 10
61 71 lutetium[7] Lu 0.5
62 51 antimony Sb 0.2 0.2 0.2 130,000
63 53 iodine I 0.14 0.490 0.450 31,600
64 48 cadmium Cd 0.11 0.15 0.15 23,000
65 47 silver Ag 0.070 0.080 0.075 27,000
66 80 mercury Hg 0.05 0.067 0.085 4,500
67 34 selenium Se 0.05 0.05 0.05 2,200
68 49 indium In 0.049 0.160 0.250 655
69 83 bismuth Bi 0.048 0.025 0.0085 10,200
70 52 tellurium Te 0.005 0.001 0.001 2,200
71 78 platinum Pt 0.003 0.0037 0.005 172
72 79 gold Au 0.0011 0.0031 0.004 3,100
73 44 ruthenium Ru 0.001 0.001 0.001
74 46 palladium Pd 0.0006 0.0063 0.015 208
75 75 rhenium Re 0.0004 0.0026 0.0007 47.2
76 77 iridium Ir 0.0003 0.0004 0.001
77 45 rhodium Rh 0.0002 0.0007 0.001
78 76 osmium Os 0.0001 0.0018 0.0015
Jump up ^ 5,000 tonnes of annual production is electronic grade
See also[edit]
Abundances of the elements (data page)
Primordial nuclide
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Elements, Terrestrial Abundance". www.daviddarling.info. Archived from the original on 10 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
Jump up ^ Barbalace, Kenneth. "Periodic Table of Elements". Environmental Chemistry.com. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Abundance in Earth's Crust". WebElements.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
Jump up ^ "List of Periodic Table Elements Sorted by Abundance in Earth's crust". Israel Science and Technology Homepage. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
Jump up ^ "It's Elemental — The Periodic Table of Elements". Jefferson Lab. Archived from the original on 29 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
Jump up ^ Commodity Statistics and Information. USGS. All production numbers are for mines, except for Al, Cd, Fe, Ge, In, N, Se (plants, refineries), S (all forms) and As, Br, Mg, Si (unspecified). Data for B, K, Ti, Y are given not for the pure element but for the most common oxide, data for Na and Cl are for NaCl. For many elements like Si, Al, data are ambiguos (many forms produced) and are taken for the pure element. U data is pure element required for consumption by current reactor fleet [1]. WNA.
Jump up ^ Emsley, John (2001). Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 240–242. ISBN 0-19-850341-5.
BookRags, Periodic Table.
World Book Encyclopedia, Exploring Earth.
HyperPhysics, Georgia State University, Abundance of Elements in Earth's Crust.
Data Series 140, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Version 2011, USGS [2].
Eric Scerri, The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance, Oxford University Press, 2007
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values: وفرة طبيعية للعناصر الكيميائية في القشرة الأرضية – Arabic

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List of nominated members of Rajya Sabha
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Member of Parliament (India).
As per the Fourth Schedule (Articles 4(1) and 80(2)) of the Constitution of India, 12 members are nominated by President for term of six years for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services.
Current Nominated Members of Rajya Sabha[edit]
This is a Current list of Members of the Rajya Sabha who have been nominated by the President.
No.
Name[1]
Field
Affiliation [2]
Date of
Appointment[3]
Date of
Retirement[3]
1
Roopa Ganguly Art Bharatiya Janata Party 04-Oct-2016 03-Oct-2022
2
Sambhaji Raje Social work Bharatiya Janata Party 07-Jun-2016 03-May-2022
3
Suresh Gopi Art Bharatiya Janata Party 25-Apr-2016 24-Apr-2022
4
Subramanian Swamy Economics Bharatiya Janata Party 25-Apr-2016 24-Apr-2022
5
Narendra Jadhav Economics Nominated 25-Apr-2016 24-Apr-2022
6
Mary Kom Sport Nominated 25-Apr-2016 24-Apr-2022
7
Swapan Dasgupta Journalism Nominated 25-Apr-2016 24-Apr-2022
8
K. T. S. Tulsi Law Nominated 25-Feb-2014 24-Feb-2020
9
K. Parasaran Law Nominated 09-Jun-2012 28-Jun-2018
10
Rekha Art Nominated 27-Apr-2012 26-Apr-2018
11
Sachin Tendulkar Sport Nominated 27-Apr-2012 26-Apr-2018
12
Anu Aga Business Nominated 27-Apr-2012 26-Apr-2018
Complete List of Nominated Members of Rajya Sabha[edit]
This is a Complete list of Members of the Rajya Sabha who have been nominated by the President.
Sr. No.
Image
Name
Tenure
1 – Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer 1952–1953
2 Satyendranath Bose 1952–1960
3 Prithviraj Kapoor 1952–1960
4 – Jagadisan Mohandas Kumarappa 1952–1954
5 – Kalidas Nag 1952–1954
6 Rukmini Devi Arundale 1952–1962
7 – N.R. Malkani 1952–1962
8 – Sahib Singh Sokhey 1952–1956
9 – Zakir Hussain 1952–1962
10 – Maithili Sharan Gupt 1952–1964
11 – Kakasaheb Kalelkar 1952–1964
12 – Radha Kumud Mukherjee 1952–1958
13 P.V. Kane 1953–1964
14 – Moturi Satyanarayana 1954–1966
15 – Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia 1954–1966
16 – Bhargavram Vitthal Warerkar 1956–1968
17 – Tara Chand 1956–1968
18 – Ajudhia Nath Khosla 1958–1964
19 – K.M. Panikkar 1959–1966
20 – Jairamdas Daulatram 1959–1976
21 – Mohanlal Saksena 1959–1964
22 – Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay 1960–1966
23 – V.T. Krishnamachari 1961–1967
24 – R.R. Diwakar 1962–1968
25 – Gopal Singh 1962–1968
26 – M. Ajmal Khan 1964–1972
27 – Satyavrata Siddhantalankar 1964–1968
28 Shakuntala Paranjpye 1964–1970
29 – Badri Nath Prasad 1964–1970
30 – G. Ramachandran 1964–1970
31 – M. N. Kaul 1964–1972
32 – Harivanshrai Bachchan 1966–1972
33 – Dhananjay Ramchandra Gadgil 1966–1972
34 – M.C. Setalvad 1966–1972
35 G. Sankara Kurup 1968–1972
36 Joachim Alva 1968–1974
37 S. Nurul Hasan 1968–1974
38 – K. Ramiah 1968–1974
39 – Ganga Sharan Sinha 1968–1974
40 – Maragatham Chandrasekhar 1970–1988
41 – Umashankar Joshi 1970–1976
42 – Rasheeduddin Khan 1970–1982
43 – Vidya Prakash Dutt 1971–1980
44 – Abu Abraham 1972–1978
45 – Pramathanath Bishi 1972–1978
46 – C. K. Daphtary 1972–1978
47 – Habib Tanvir 1972–1978
48 – Krishna Kriplani 1974–1980
49 Lokesh Chandra 1974–1986
50 – Scato Swu 1974–1986
51 – B.N. Banerjee 1976–1982
52 – Malcolm Adiseshiah 1978–1984
53 – Fathema Ismail 1978–1984
54 – Pandurang Dharmaji Jadhav 1978–1984
55 – Bhagwati Charan Varma 1978–1984
56 Nargis Dutt 1980–1986
57 Khushwant Singh 1980–1986
58 – Asima Chatterjee 1982–1990
59 Sivaji Ganesan 1982–1986
60 – Hayatullah Ansari 1982–1988
61 – Madan Bhatia 1982–1994
62 – V.N. Tiwari 1982–1984
63 – Ghulam Rasool Kar 1984–1987
64 – Tindivanam K. Ramamurthy 1984–1990
65 – H.L. Kapur 1985–1988
66 Salim Ali 1985–1988
67 – Purushottam Kakodkar 1985–1991
68 Ela Bhatt 1986–1988
69 – Amrita Pritam 1986–1992
70 M.F. Husain 1986–1992
71 R.K. Narayan 1986–1992
72 Ravi Shankar 1986–1992
73 – Syeda Anwara Taimur 1988–1990
74 – Sat Paul Mittal 1988–1994
75 – Bishambhar Nath Pande 1988–1994
76 – Mohammad Yunus 1989–1995
77 Prakash Ambedkar 1990–1996
78 Jagmohan 1990–1996
79 – Bhupinder Singh Mann 1990–1996
80 – Russi Karanjia 1991–1997
81 – Mahendra Prasad 1993–1994
82 – M. Aram 1993–1999
83 Vyjayantimala Bali 1993–1999
84 – B.B. Dutta 1993–1999
85 – Maulana Habibur Rahman Nomani 1993–1999
86 Nirmala Deshpande 1997 – 1999 and 2004 – 2010
87 Shabana Azmi 1997–2003
88 – P. Selvie Das 1997–2003
89 – Kartar Singh Duggal 1997–2003
90 Kuldip Nayyar 1997–2003
91 – Raja Ramanna 1997–2003
92 C. Narayana Reddy 1997–2003
93 Mrinal Sen 1997–2003
94 – Chaudhary Harmohan Singh Yadav 1997–2003
95 – Nanaji Deshmukh 1999–2005
96 Lata Mangeshkar 1999–2005
97 – Fali Nariman 1999–2005
98 – Cho Ramaswamy 1999–2005
99 Hema Malini 2003–2009
100 – Bimal Jalan 2003–2009
101 K. Kasturirangan 2003–2009
102 – Narayan Singh Manaklao 2003–2009
103 – Vidya Niwas Misra 2003–2009
104 – Chandan Mitra 2003–2009
105 Dara Singh 2003–2009
106 Kapila Vatsyayan 2006–2012
107 Ram Jethmalani 2006–2009
108 – Shobhana Bhartia 2006–2012
109 Shyam Benegal 2006–2012
110 M.S. Swaminathan 2007–2013
111 – C. Rangarajan 2008–2010
112 – H. K. Dua 2009–2015
113 – Ashok Sekhar Ganguly 2009–2015
114 – Mani Shankar Aiyar 2010–2016
115 Javed Akhtar 2010–2016
116 B. Jayashree 2010–2016
117 Ram Dayal Munda 2010–2011
118 – Bhalchandra Mungekar 2010–2016
119 – Mrinal Miri 2012–2016
120 – Anu Aga 2012–2018
121 – K. Parasaran 2012–2018
122 Rekha 2012–2018
123 Sachin Tendulkar 2012–2018
124 – K. T. S. Tulsi 2014-2020
125 Subramanian Swamy 2016-2022
126 M C Mary Kom 2016-2022
127 Narendra Jadhav 2016-2022
129 Suresh Gopi 2016-2022
130 – Swapan Dasgupta 2016-2022
131 – Sambhaji Raje 2016-2022
132 – Roopa Ganguly 2016-2022
References[edit]
Nominated Members since 1952 Narender Kumar
Current list of Nominated Members
Specific
Jump up ^ "Statewise List". 164.100.47.5. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
Jump up ^ http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/partymemberlist.aspx
^ Jump up to: a b "Statewise Retirement". 164.100.47.5. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_nominated_members_of_Rajya_Sabha&oldid=808657810"
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List of WLAN channels
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Wireless local area network channels using IEEE 802.11 protocols are sold mostly under the trademark WiFi.
The 802.11 workgroup has documented use in five distinct frequency ranges: 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.9 GHz bands.[1] Each range is divided into a multitude of channels. Countries apply their own regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges.
Contents
[hide]
1 2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n)
1.1 Most countries
1.2 United States
1.3 Interference concerns
2 3.65 GHz (802.11y)
3 4.9 GHz (802.11j) public safety WLAN
4 5 GHz (802.11a/h/j/n/ac/ax)
5 5.9 GHz (802.11p)
6 60 GHz (802.11ad/ay)
7 900 MHz (802.11ah)
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n)[edit]
Graphical representation of 2.4 GHz band channels overlapping
Most countries[edit]
Graphical representation of Wireless LAN channels in 2.4 GHz band. Note "channel 3" in the 40MHz diagram above is often labelled with the 20MHz channel numbers "1+5" or "1" with "+ Upper" or "5" with "+ Lower" in router interfaces, and "11" as "9+13" or "9" with "+ Upper" or "13" with "+ Lower"
United States[edit]
Graphical representation of Wireless LAN channels in 2.4 GHz band. Note "channel 3" in the 40 MHz diagram above is often labelled with the 20MHz channel numbers "1+5" or "1" with "+ Upper" or "5" with "+ Lower" in router interfaces.
Fourteen channels are designated in the 2.4 GHz range, spaced 5 MHz apart from each other except for a 12 MHz space before channel 14.[2]
For 802.11g/n, it is not possible to guarantee orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) operation, thus affecting the number of possible non-overlapping channels depending on radio operation.[3]
Interference concerns[edit]
As the protocol requires 16.25 to 22 MHz of channel separation (as shown above), adjacent channels overlap and will interfere with each other. Leaving three or four channels clear between used channels is recommended to avoid interference.[4] The exact spacing required depends on the protocol and data rate selected as well as the electromagnetic environment where the equipment is used.
When two or more 802.11b transmitters are operated in the same airspace, their signals must be attenuated by -50 dBr and/or separated by 22 MHz to prevent interference.[5] This is because the DSSS algorithm transmits data logarithmically along a 20 MHz bandwidth. The remaining 2 MHz gap is used as a guard band to allow sufficient attenuation along the edge channels.
Note: The 40 MHz bands in the diagram above are labelled with their centre channel numbers, but the management interface of many Wi-Fi devices labels one of these bands with the centre channel of one of the 20 MHz bands it overlaps plus an Up or Down notation to specify the other half of the band. For example, channel 3 in the diagram is called channel 1+Upper or Channel 5+Lower, and Channel 11 in the diagram is called Channel 9+Upper or Channel 13+Lower.
Countries apply their own regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. Network operators should consult their local authorities as these regulations may be out of date as they are subject to change at any time. Most of the world will allow the first thirteen channels in the spectrum.
Channel
Frequency
(MHz)
North America
[6]
Japan[6]
hideMost of world
[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
1 2412 Yes Yes Yes
2 2417 Yes Yes Yes
3 2422 Yes Yes Yes
4 2427 Yes Yes Yes
5 2432 Yes Yes Yes
6 2437 Yes Yes Yes
7 2442 Yes Yes Yes
8 2447 Yes Yes Yes
9 2452 Yes Yes Yes
10 2457 Yes Yes Yes
11 2462 Yes Yes Yes
12 2467 NoB Yes Yes
13 2472 NoB Yes Yes
14 2484 No 11b onlyC No
^B In the U.S., 802.11 operation in the channels 12 and 13 is allowed under low powered conditions. The 2.4 GHz Part 15 band in the U.S. allows spread-spectrum operation as long as the 50 dB bandwidth of the signal is within the range of 2,400–2,483.5 MHz[13] which wholly encompasses both channels 12 and 13. A Federal Communications Commission (FCC) document clarifies that only channel 14 is forbidden and that low-power transmitters with low-gain antennas may operate legally in channels 12 and 13.[14] Channels 12 and 13, however, are not normally used in order to avoid any potential interference in the adjacent restricted frequency band, 2,483.5–2,500 MHz,[15] which is subject to strict emission limits set out in 47 CFR § 15.205.[16] Per recent FCC Order 16-181, "an authorized access point device can only operate in the 2483.5–2495 MHz band when it is operating under the control of a Globalstar Network Operating Center and that a client device can only operate in the 2483.5–2495 MHz band when it is operating under the control of an authorized access point"[17]
In Canada, 12 channels are available for use, 11 of which at full power and the other (channel 12) is transmit power limited. Few devices, however, have a method to enable a lower powered channel 12.[citation needed]
^C Channel 14 is valid only for DSSS and CCK modes (Clause 18 a.k.a. 802.11b) in Japan. OFDM (i.e., 802.11g) may not be used. (IEEE 802.11-2007 §19.4.2)
3.65 GHz (802.11y)[edit]
Except where noted, all information taken from Annex J of IEEE 802.11y-2008
This range is documented as only being allowed as a licensed band in the United States. Please see IEEE 802.11y for details.
Countries apply their own regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges.
A 40 MHz band is available from 3655–3695 MHz. It may be divided into eight 5 MHz channels, four 10 MHz channels, or two 20 MHz channels, as follows:
Channel
Frequency
(MHz)
United States
5 MHz
10 MHz
20 MHz
131 3657.5 Yes No No
132 3660.0 No Yes
3662.5 Yes No
133 3665.0 No Yes
No
3667.5 Yes No
134 3670.0 No Yes
3672.5 Yes No
135 3675.0 No
No No
3677.5 Yes
136 3680.0 No Yes
3682.5 Yes No
137 3685.0 No Yes
No
3687.5 Yes No
138 3690.0 No Yes
3692.5 Yes No
4.9 GHz (802.11j) public safety WLAN[edit]
50 MHz of spectrum from 4940 MHz to 4990 MHz (WLAN channels 20–26) are in use by public safety entities in the United States. Within this spectrum space, there are two non-overlapping channels allocated, both with a width of 20 MHz. The most commonly used channels are 22 and 26.
5 GHz (802.11a/h/j/n/ac/ax)[edit]
[18]
Countries apply their own regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. Network operators should consult their local authorities as these regulations may be out of date as they are subject to change at any time.
European standard EN 301 893 covers 5.15–5.725 GHz operation, and v1.8.1 is in force.[19]
In 2007, the FCC (United States) began requiring that devices operating on 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz must employ dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) capabilities. This is to avoid interference with weather-radar and military applications.[20] In 2010, the FCC further clarified the use of channels in the 5.470–5.725 GHz band to avoid interference with TDWR weather radar systems.[21] In FCC parlance, these restrictions are now referred to collectively as the "Old Rules". On 10 June 2015, the FCC approved a "new" ruleset for 5 GHz device operation (called the "New Rules"), which adds 160 and 80 MHz channel identifiers, and re-enables previously prohibited DFS channels, in Publication Number 905462.[22] This FCC publication eliminates the ability for manufacturers to have devices approved or modified under the Old Rules in phases; the New Rules apply in all circumstances as of 2 June 2016.[22]
Germany requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz as well; in addition, the frequency range 5.150–5.350 GHz is allowed only for indoor use, leaving only 5.470–5.725 GHz for outdoor and indoor use.[23]
Since this is the German implementation of EU Rule 2005/513/EC, similar regulations must be expected throughout the European Union.[24][25]
Austria adopted Decision 2005/513/EC directly into national law.[26] The same restrictions as in Germany apply, only 5.470–5.725 GHz is allowed to be used outdoor and indoor.
South Africa simply copied the European regulations.[27]
Japan's use of 10 and 20 MHz-wide 5 GHz wireless channels is codified by Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) document STD-T71, Broadband Mobile Access Communication System (CSMA).[28] Additional rule specifications relating to 40, 80, and 160 MHz channel allocation has been taken on by Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC).[29]
In Brazil, the TPC use in 5.150–5.725 GHz band is optional. DFS is required only in the 5.470–5.725 GHz band.[30]
As of 2015, some of the Australian channels require DFS to be utilised (a significant change from the 2000 regulations, which allowed lower power operation without DFS).[10] As per AS/NZS 4268 B1 and B2, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 GHz and 5470–5725 GHz bands shall implement DFS in accordance with sections 4.7 and 5.3.8 and Annex D of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(2). Also as per AS/NZS 4268 B3 and B4, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz bands shall implement TPC in accordance with sections 4.4 and 5.3.4 of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(1).
New Zealand regulation differs from Australian.[31]
Singapore requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350 GHz above 100 mW (e.i.r.p.) and below or equal to 200 mW (e.i.r.p.), and requires DFS capability on 5.250–5.350 GHz below or equal to 100 mW (e.i.r.p.). In addition, 5.150–5.350 GHz is allowed only for indoor use.[32]
Channel
Center
Frequency
(MHz)
Frequency
Range
(MHz)
Bandwidth
(MHz)
United States
FCC
U-NII Band(s)
United States
[33][34]
Canada
[35]
Europe
[36][37][38][39][40]
Switzerland
[41][42][43]
Russia
[44]
Japan[45]
India
Singapore
[46][32]
China
[47]
Israel
[9]
Korea
[48]
Turkey
[49]
Australia
[10]
South Africa
[27]
Brazil
[11]
Taiwan
[50]
New Zealand
[31][51]
7 5035 5030–5040 10 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
8 5040 5030–5050 20 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
9 5045 5040–5050 10 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
11 5055 5050–5060 10 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
12 5060 5050–5070 20 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
16 5080 5070–5090 20 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
34 5170 Unknown Unknown N/A No No No No Yes No Indoors Yes No Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors Yes Indoors
36 5180 5170–5190 20 U-NII-1 Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors Yes Yes Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors Yes Indoors
38 5190 5170–5210 40 U-NII-1 Yes Indoors No No Yes No Indoors Yes No Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors Yes Indoors
40 5200 5190–5210 20 U-NII-1 Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors Yes Yes Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors Yes Indoors
42 5210 5170–5250 80 U-NII-1 Yes Indoors No No Yes No Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC No No No Indoors Indoors No No Yes Indoors
44 5220 5210–5230 20 U-NII-1 Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors Yes Yes Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors Yes Indoors
46 5230 5210–5250 40 U-NII-1 Yes Indoors No No Yes No Indoors Yes No Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors Yes Indoors
48 5240 5230–5250 20 U-NII-1 Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors Yes Yes Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors Yes Indoors
50 5250 5170–5330 160 U-NII-1 and U-NII-2A DFS Indoors/DFS DFS No Yes No Indoors No No No No No Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW) No No DFS Indoors
52 5260 5250–5270 20 U-NII-2A DFS DFS Indoors/DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW) Yes Indoors/DFS/TPC Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100mW instead of 200 mW) Yes Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200mW) Indoors Indoors DFS DFS/TPC
54 5270 5250–5290 40 U-NII-2A DFS DFS No No Yes No Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC No Indoors No Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100mW instead of 200mW) Indoors Indoors DFS DFS/TPC
56 5280 5270–5290 20 U-NII-2A DFS DFS Indoors/DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW) Yes Indoors/DFS/TPC Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW) Yes Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200mW) Indoors Indoors DFS DFS/TPC
58 5290 5250–5330 80 U-NII-2A DFS DFS No No Yes No Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC No No No Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW) No No DFS Yes
60 5300 5290–5310 20 U-NII-2A DFS DFS Indoors/DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW) Yes Indoors/DFS/TPC Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW) Yes Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW) Indoors Indoors DFS DFS/TPC
62 5310 5290–5330 40 U-NII-2A DFS DFS No No Yes No Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC No Indoors No Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100mW instead of 200mW) Indoors Indoors DFS DFS/TPC
64 5320 5310–5330 20 U-NII-2A DFS DFS Indoors/DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW) Yes Indoors/DFS/TPC Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW) Yes Indoors Indoors/DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 100 mW instead of 200mW) Indoors Indoors DFS DFS/TPC
100 5500 5490–5510 20 U-NII-2C DFS DFS DFS/TPC DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC No No Yes DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
102 5510 5490–5530 40 U-NII-2C DFS DFS No No Yes No Unknown DFS/TPC No No No DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
104 5520 5510–5530 20 U-NII-2C DFS DFS DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC No No Yes DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
106 5530 5490–5570 80 U-NII-2C DFS DFS No No Yes No Unknown DFS/TPC No No No No DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) No No DFS DFS/TPC
108 5540 5530–5550 20 U-NII-2C DFS DFS DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC No No Yes DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
110 5550 5530–5570 40 U-NII-2C DFS DFS No No Yes No Unknown DFS/TPC No No No DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
112 5560 5550–5570 20 U-NII-2C DFS DFS DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC No No Yes DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
114 5570 5490–5650 160 U-NII-2C DFS No DFS No Yes No Unknown DFS/TPC No No No No No No No DFS DFS/TPC
116 5580 5570–5590 20 U-NII-2C DFS DFS DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC No No Yes DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
118 5590 5570–5610 40 U-NII-2C DFS No No No Yes No Unknown DFS/TPC No No No DFS/TPC No Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
120 5600 5590–5610 20 U-NII-2C DFS No DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC No No Yes DFS/TPC No Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
122 5610 5570–5650 80 U-NII-2C DFS No No No Yes No Unknown DFS/TPC No No No No No No No DFS DFS/TPC
124 5620 5610–5630 20 U-NII-2C DFS No DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC No No Yes DFS/TPC No Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
126 5630 5610–5650 40 U-NII-2C DFS No No No Yes No Unknown DFS/TPC No No No DFS/TPC No Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
128 5640 5630–5650 20 U-NII-2C DFS No DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC No No Yes DFS/TPC No Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
132 5660 5650–5670 20 U-NII-2C DFS DFS DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC No No No DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
134 5670 5650–5690 40 U-NII-2C DFS DFS No No Yes No Unknown DFS/TPC No No No DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
136 5680 5670–5690 20 U-NII-2C DFS DFS DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC No No No DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W) Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
138 5690 5650–5730 80 U-NII-2C and U-NII-3 DFS DFS No No Yes No Unknown DFS/TPC No No No No DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W) No No No DFS/TPC
140 5700 5690–5710 20 U-NII-2C DFS DFS DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1W) Yes DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC No No No DFS/TPC DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W) Yes DFS DFS DFS/TPC
142 5710 5690–5730 40 U-NII-2C and U-NII-3 DFS DFS No No Yes No Unknown DFS/TPC No No No No DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W) No No No DFS/TPC
144 5720 5710–5730 20 U-NII-2C and U-NII-3 DFS DFS No No Yes No Indoors DFS/TPC No No No No DFS/TPC
(otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W) No No No DFS/TPC
149 5745 5735–5755 20 U-NII-3 Yes Yes SRD (25 mW)[52] SRD (25 mW)[52] Yes No Indoors Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
151 5755 5735–5775 40 U-NII-3 Yes Yes SRD (25 mW)[52] SRD (25 mW)[52] Yes No Indoors Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
153 5765 5755–5775 20 U-NII-3 Yes Yes SRD (25 mW)[52] SRD (25 mW)[52] Yes No Indoors Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
155 5775 5735–5815 80 U-NII-3 Yes Yes SRD (25 mW)[52] SRD (25 mW)[52] Yes No Indoors Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes
157 5785 5775–5795 20 U-NII-3 Yes Yes SRD (25 mW)[52] SRD (25 mW)[52] Yes No Indoors Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
159 5795 5775–5815 40 U-NII-3 Yes Yes SRD (25 mW)[52] SRD (25 mW)[52] Yes No Indoors Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
161 5805 5795–5815 20 U-NII-3 Yes Yes SRD (25 mW)[52] SRD (25 mW)[52] Yes No Indoors Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
165 5825 5815–5835 20 U-NII-3 Yes Yes SRD (25 mW)[52] SRD (25 mW)[52] Yes No Indoors Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
169 5845 5835–5855 20 N/A No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No
173 5865 5855–5875 20 N/A No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No
183 4915 4910–4920 10 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
184 4920 4910–4930 20 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
185 4925 4920–4930 10 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
187 4935 4930–4940 10 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
188 4940 4930–4950 20 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
189 4945 4940–4950 10 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
192 4960 4950–4970 20 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
196 4980 4970–4990 20 N/A No No No No No No Unknown No No No No No No No No No No
Channel
Center
Frequency
(MHz)
Frequency
Range
(MHz)
Bandwidth
(MHz)
United States
FCC
U-NII Band(s)
United States
Canada
Europe
Switzerland
Russia
Japan
India
Singapore
China
Israel
Korea
Turkey
Australia
South Africa
Brazil
Taiwan
New Zealand
China MIIT expanded allowed channels as of 31 December 2012 to add UNII-1, 5150 ~ 5250 GHz, UNII-2, 5250 ~ 5350 GHz (DFS/TPC), similar to European standards EN 301.893 V1.7.1.[53]
5.9 GHz (802.11p)[edit]
The 802.11p amendment, also known as Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE), published on 15 July 2010, specifies WLAN in the licensed Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) band of 5.9 GHz (5.850–5.925 GHz).[54] The 802.11p standard is intended for use in vehicular communication systems.
60 GHz (802.11ad/ay)[edit]
The 802.11ad/ay, also known as WiGig. This operates in 60 GHz ISM band.
900 MHz (802.11ah)[edit]
802.11ah operates in sub-gigahertz unlicensed bands. Each world region supports different sub-bands, and the channels number depends on the starting frequency of the sub-band it belongs to. Thus, there is no global channels numbering plan, and the channels numbers are incompatible between world regions (and even between sub-bands of a same world region).
The following sub-bands are defined in the 802.11ah specifications:
Region
Sub-band (MHz)
Bandwidths (MHz)
Australia 915–920 1, 2, 4
920–928 1, 2, 4, 8
China 755–779 1
779–787 1, 2, 4, 8
Europe 863–868 1, 2
Japan 916.5–927.5 1
Korea 917.5–923.5 1, 2, 4
New Zealand 915–924 1, 2, 4, 8
924–928 1, 2, 4
Singapore 866–869 1, 2
920–925 1, 2, 4
United States 902–904 1, 2
904–920 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
920–928 1, 2, 4, 8
See also[edit]
Electromagnetic interference at 2.4 GHz
High Speed Multimedia Radio
IEEE 802.11#Layer 2 .E2.80.93 Datagrams
Wireless LAN
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "IEEE 802.11-2007: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications". IEEE. 8 March 2007.
Jump up ^ "IEEE 802.11-2012: 16.4.6 - PMD Operating Specifications, General". IEEE. 15 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "Channel Deployment Issues for 2.4-GHz 802.11 WLANs". www.cisco.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Choosing the right Wi-Fi channel can minimize wireless interference". compnetworking.about.com. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "IEEE 802.11-2012: 16.4.7.5 - Transmit spectrum mask". IEEE. 15 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c IEEE 802.11-2007 — Table 18-9
Jump up ^ France: "WLAN regulatory update". 3 February 2003.
Jump up ^ "Telecomunicaciones y Tecnologías de la Información - Cuadro Nacional de Atribución de Frecuencias (CNAF)". Web.archive.org. 6 February 2008. Archived from the original on 6 February 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Israel: כללי השימוש בתדרים בתחומים 2.4 ו- 5 גה"ץ (PDF) (in Hebrew).
^ Jump up to: a b c "Radiocommunications (Low Interference Potential Devices) Class Licence 2015". www.legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Brazil: Resolução nº 506, de 01/07/2008, publicado no Diário Oficial de 07/07/2008, atualizado em 24/11/2010 (in Brazilian Portuguese)" (PDF). p. 33.
Jump up ^ "WLAN / RLAN". www.bakom.admin.ch. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "dead link". Retrieved 18 February 2014. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "TCB workshop on unlicensed devices" (PDF). October 2005. p. 58. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2008.
Jump up ^ "NTIA Comments ET Docket No 03-108 02-15-2005". www.ntia.doc.gov. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–04 Edition)" (PDF). Edocket.access.gpo.gov. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "FCC 16-181" (PDF). apps.fcc.gov. 23 December 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
Jump up ^ IEEE 802.11-2007 Annex J modified by amendments k, y and n.
Jump up ^ "EN 300 328 V1.8.1 to be mandatory from 1st January 2015". Retrieved 10 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "15.407 - General technical requirements". louise.hallikainen.org. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Publication Number: 443999 Rule Parts: 15E". Federal Communication Commission. 14 August 2014. Devices must be professionally installed when operating in the 5470 – 5725 GHz band
^ Jump up to: a b FCC Office of Engineering and Technology. "905462 15.401 UNII,U-NII, DFS Test Procedures". apps.fcc.gov. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bundesnetzagentur Vfg 7/2010 / See footnote 4 and 5 (German only)" (PDF). Retrieved 2 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "EUR-Lex - 32005D0513 - EN - EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "EUR-Lex - 32007D0090 - EN - EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Information of the Austrian Telecommunications Authority - Wireless Local Area Networks (WAS, WLAN, RLAN)
^ Jump up to: a b "ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS ACT, 2005 (ACT NO 36 OF 2005): REGULATIONS" (PDF). www.ellipsis.co.za. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "List of ARIB Standards for Radio". www.arib.or.jp. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Hou, Chun "johnson" (3 April 2013). "Wi-Fi Amateur: IEEE Std 802.11ac Deployment in Japan". wifiamateur.blogspot.com. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Brazil: Resolução nº 506, de 01/07/2008, publicado no Diário Oficial de 07/07/2008 (in Brazilian Portuguese)".
^ Jump up to: a b https://www.rsm.govt.nz/cms/licensees/types-of-licence/general-user-licences/short-range-devices
^ Jump up to: a b "IDA Technical Specification Short Range Devices - Issue 1 Rev 7, April 2013 / See Page 8 & 9" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
Jump up ^ FCC Office of Engineering and Technology. "905462 D06 802.11 Channel Plans New Rules v01". apps.fcc.gov. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
Jump up ^ FCC Office of Engineering and Technology. "443999 D01 Approval of DFS UNII Devices v01r04". apps.fcc.gov. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "RSS-247 — Digital Transmission Systems (DTSs), Frequency Hopping Systems (FHSs) and Licence-Exempt Local Area Network (LE-LAN) Devices". Industry Canada. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "COMMISSION DECISION of 11 July 2005 on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in the 5 GHz frequency band for the implementation of wireless access systems including radio local area networks (WAS/RLANs)". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "COMMISSION DECISION of 12 February 2007 amending Decision 2005/513/EC on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in the 5 GHz frequency band for the implementation of Wireless Access Systems including Radio Local Area Networks (WAS/RLANs)". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "ERC Recommendation 70-03 Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)" (PDF). www.ecodocdb.dk. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE ECC Decision of 9 July 2004 on the harmonised use of the 5 GHz frequency bands for the implementation of Wireless Access Systems including Radio Local Area Networks (WAS/RLANs)" (PDF). www.erodocdb.dk. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); 5 GHz high performance RLAN; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive" (PDF). www.etsi.org. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "WLAN / RLAN". www.bakom.admin.ch. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Technical interfaces regulations". Ofcomnet.ch. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Technical interfaces regulations". www.ofcomnet.ch. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Правила применения оборудования радиодоступа - Terms of use of radio access equipment (in Russian)". 22 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "新5GHz帯 [11n/11a] が変". Retrieved 25 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "IDA Singapore: Spectrum Management Handbook" (PDF). May 2011. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Hou, Chun "johnson" (1 April 2013). "Wi-Fi Amateur: China Opened More Channels in 5 GHz & Embraced IEEE Std 802.11ac VHT80". wifiamateur.blogspot.com. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2017-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu - Anasayfa" (PDF). www.tk.gov.tr. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "頻率供應計畫". 頻率供應計畫. Ministry Of Transportation and Communication R.O.C. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Important information for users of WiFi devices in the 5GHz band" (PDF). rsm.govt.nz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)" (PDF). ECC. 13 October 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "工业和信息化部发布5150-5350兆赫兹频段无线接入系统频率使用相关事宜的通知". www.miit.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Jiang, Daniel; Delgrossi, Luca (2008). "IEEE 802.11p: Towards an International Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments" (PDF). IEEE. Retrieved 28 December 2013. [permanent dead link]
Further reading[edit]
"Regulatory Database". Linux Wireless — An online database of allowed frequencies used by Linux 802.11 subsystem.
"FCC Regulations Update". www.cisco.com — Dynamic Frequency Selection for 5 GHz WLAN in the U.S. and Canada.
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